Journal Article

Factors Affecting Cytokine Change After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Okamura, Akihiko, Kitagawa, Yuko, Wada, Norihito, Saikawa, Yoshiro, Takeuchi, Hiroya, Kawakubo, Hirofumi, Takahashi, Tsunehiro, Nakamura, Rieko, Matsuda, Satoru, Miyasho, Taku, Ogura, Masaharu

2015

Overview

Background Esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is one of the most invasive operative procedures. Surgical stress induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and overproduction induces a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which may lead to acute lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In addition, surgical stress may cause immunosuppression, which may affect not only perioperative mortality but also long-term survival. Methods Between 2006 and 2013, levels of perioperative serum cytokines were evaluated in 90 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma. The serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We reviewed and assessed medical records, including cytokine profiles, and determined the factors affecting postoperative serum cytokine levels. Results These cytokine levels peaked on postoperative day 1 and decreased gradually. Of the clinicopathologic factors, a thoracoscopic approach was a significant factor in attenuating IL-6 and IL-8 levels on postoperative day 1 in multivariate analysis, and a longer operative time was a significant factor in increasing these levels. During postoperative days 3–7, the thoracoscopic approach and early enteral nutrition were significant factors in attenuating serum cytokine changes in multivariate analysis, and postoperative infectious complications were significant factors in increasing these levels. Conclusions The thoracoscopic approach and early enteral nutrition could attenuate the cytokine change after esophagectomy, and a longer operative time and postoperative infectious complication could increase it. We should undertake strategies to minimize the surgical stress to reduce potential short-term and long-term consequences for patients.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - blood / Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology / Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - surgery / Cytokines - blood / Enteral Nutrition / Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Esophageal Neoplasms - blood / Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology / Esophageal Neoplasms - surgery / Esophagectomy / Female / Follow-Up Studies / Humans / Interleukin-10 - blood / Interleukin-6 - blood / Interleukin-8 - blood / Male / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Middle Aged / Neoplasm Staging / Oncology / Operative Time / Perioperative Care / Postoperative Complications / Prognosis / Surgery / Surgical Oncology / Thoracic Oncology