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Solar energy resource availability under extreme and historical wildfire smoke conditions
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Solar energy resource availability under extreme and historical wildfire smoke conditions
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Journal Article
Solar energy resource availability under extreme and historical wildfire smoke conditions
2025
Overview
By 2050, the U.S. plans to increase solar energy from 3% to 45% of the nation’s electricity generation. Quantifying wildfire smoke’s impact on solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is essential to meet this goal, especially given previous studies documenting sizable PV output losses due to smoke. We quantify smoke-driven changes in baseline solar resource availability [i.e., amount of direct normal (DNI) and global horizontal (GHI) irradiance] at different spatial and temporal scales using radiative transfer model output and satellite-based smoke, aerosol, and cloud observations. We show that irradiance decreases as smoke frequency increases at the state, regional, and national scale. DNI is more sensitive to smoke with sizable losses persisting downwind of fires. Large reductions in GHI–the main PV resource–are possible close to fires, but mean GHI declines minimally (<5%) due to transported smoke. PV resources remain relatively stable across most of CONUS even in extreme fire seasons.
Wildfire smoke increasingly covers large swaths of the US at a time when solar energy is rapidly expanding. Yet, average photovoltaic solar resource losses remain modest outside areas immediately near active fires, where plumes are fresh and dense.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
