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Enzymatic twists evolved stereo-divergent alkaloids in the Solanaceae family
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Journal Article
Enzymatic twists evolved stereo-divergent alkaloids in the Solanaceae family
2025
Overview
Steroidal alkaloids play a crucial role in plant defense and exhibit distinct stereochemistry at C25, forming either the tomato-type (25
S
) or eggplant-type (25
R
) isomers. Here, we uncover the molecular mechanisms shaping this stereochemical diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of
GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 8
(
GAME8
) cytochrome P450 hydroxylases across the Solanaceae family revealed two distinct clades producing either 25
S
or 25
R
isomers. Ancestral
GAME8
likely favored 25
R
, with gene duplications giving rise to 25
S
-producing enzymes in more recent
Solanum
species. In
S. nigrum
and
S. dulcamara
, multiple
GAME8
copies generate mixed isomeric profiles. Notably, in wild
S. cheesmaniae
from the Galápagos, mutations in
GAME8
have driven a shift from 25
S
back to the ancestral 25
R
, suggesting reverse evolution. Our findings highlight how
GAME8
evolution has shaped alkaloid diversity in the genus
Solanum
, demonstrating a complex interplay between enzyme function, genetic variation, and evolutionary adaptation.
Researchers uncover how plants control the stereochemistry of steroidal alkaloids, key compounds in defense. They show that evolution of GAME8 enzymes in
Solanum
species has shaped alkaloid diversity, including cases of reverse evolution in wild tomatoes.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
