Journal Article

Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome

Packard, Chris J, Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Borén, Jan

2019

Overview

Consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has increased dramatically in the last 40 years and is today commonly used commercially in soft drinks, juice, and baked goods. These products comprise a large proportion of the modern diet, in particular in children, adolescents, and young adults. A large body of evidence associate consumption of fructose and other sugar-sweetened beverages with insulin resistance, intrahepatic lipid accumulation, and hypertriglyceridemia. In the long term, these risk factors may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Fructose is absorbed in the small intestine and metabolized in the liver where it stimulates fructolysis, glycolysis, lipogenesis, and glucose production. This may result in hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying intestinal and hepatic fructose metabolism is important. Here we review recent evidence linking excessive fructose consumption to health risk markers and development of components of the Metabolic Syndrome.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: adolescents / Animals / Apolipoproteins / baked goods / Beverages / Carbohydrates / cardiometabolic health / Cardiovascular disease / cardiovascular diseases / children / Clinical Medicine / Communication / Corn syrup / de-novo lipogenesis / Diabetes / Diet / Dietary Sugars - administration & dosage / Dietary Sugars - adverse effects / Dietary Sugars - metabolism / Endocrinology and Diabetes / Endokrinologi och diabetes / Energy Metabolism / Fatty acids / fatty liver / fatty liver-disease / Feeding Behavior / fructose / Fructose - administration & dosage / Fructose - adverse effects / Fructose - metabolism / glucose / glycolysis / Health care / hepatic steatosis / Homeostasis / Humans / hypertriglyceridemia / insulin resistance / insulin sensitivity / Intestinal Absorption / Intestine, Small - metabolism / intrahepatic lipids / juices / Klinisk medicin / Lipids / lipogenesis / liver / Liver - metabolism / Liver diseases / Metabolic syndrome / Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis / Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology / Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism / metabolism / Microbiota / noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus / Nutrition & Dietetics / Nutritive Value / Obesity / oxidative stress / Plasma / Recommended Dietary Allowances / Risk Assessment / Risk Factors / serum uric-acid / Small intestine / soft drinks / sugar sweetened beverages / sweetened / young adults