Journal Article

Cadmium minimization in rice. A review

Prasad, Majeti Narasimha Vara, Sebastian, Abin

2014

Overview

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of rice is found in areas irrigated by wastewater from mines. Cd contamination of rice fields can also result from the application of Cd-rich phosphate fertilizers. As a consequence, millions of tons of rice are discarded. In Asia, irrigated paddy-based cropping systems provide rice grains as food for about 2 billion people. A daily intake of 20–40 μg Cd from rice is reported in regions where rice is used as a food. Daily rice Cd intake leads to diseases such as bone mineralization. Hence, Cd minimization in rice is needed. This article reviews sustainable agriculture and molecular techniques that prevents Cd uptake in rice. Cadmium minimization can be done either by field remediation or change in plant functions. Organic farming decreases Cd uptake and remediates crop fields. Cd hyperaccumulator plants and Cd immobilizing microbes can be used for field remediation. Cd amount in rice can be controlled by gene families that code for putative transition metal transporters or metal chaperones and quantitative trait loci (QTL). Generation of Cd excluder rice is possible by transgenics.

• Publisher: Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA,Springer-Verlag,Springer Paris,EDP Sciences,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Agricultural sciences / Agriculture / Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions / Animal, plant and microbial ecology / Applied ecology / Asia / Biogeochemistry / Biological and medical sciences / Biomedical and Life Sciences / bone diseases / bone mineralization / Cadmium / Contamination / Crop fields / Crop production systems / Cropping systems / Ecology, environment / Environment and sustainable development / Fertilizers / Food / Food contamination / Food contamination & poisoning / food grains / Food intake / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / Gene families / Gene mapping / genes / genetically modified organisms / hyperaccumulators / Industrial plant emissions / irrigated farming / Irrigation systems / Life Sciences / microorganisms / Mine wastes / Mineralization / Mines / mining / molecular chaperones / Nuclear power plants / nutrient uptake / Optimization / Organic farming / organic production / Oryza sativa / paddies / people / phosphorus fertilizers / Pollutants / Precipitation / Quantitative trait loci / Remediation / Review Article / Rice / Rice fields / soil pollution / Soil Science & Conservation / Sustainable agriculture / Sustainable Development / Trace elements / Transition metals / transporters / wastewater irrigation