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TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS
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TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS

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TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS
Journal Article

TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS (TLR) 2 AND 4 EXPRESSION OF KERATINOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED AND DISSEMINATED DERMATOPHYTOSIS

2015
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Overview
There are few studies on the role of innate immune response in dermatophytosis. An investigation was conducted to define the involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in localized (LD) and disseminated (DD) dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum. Fifteen newly diagnosed patients, eight patients with LD and seven with DD, defined by involvement of at least three body segments were used in this study. Controls comprised twenty skin samples from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. TLR2 and TLR4 were quantified in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. A reduced expression of TLR4 in the lower and upper epidermis of both LD and DD patients was found compared to controls; TLR2 expression was preserved in the upper and lower epidermis of all three groups. As TLR4 signaling induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils recruitment, its reduced expression likely contributed to the lack of resolution of the infection and the consequent chronic nature of the dermatophytosis. As TLR2 expression acts to limit the inflammatory process and preserves the epidermal structure, its preserved expression may also contribute to the persistent infection and limited inflammation that are characteristic of dermatophytic infections. A literatura sobre o papel da resposta imune inata em dermatofitose é escassa. Este estudo se propôs a investigar a participação dos receptores do tipo Toll 2 e 4 (TLRs) 2 e 4 em pacientes com dermatofitose localizada (LD) e disseminada (DD, definida como lesões em pelo menos três segmentos corpóreos distintos), causadas por Trichophyton rubrum. Foram analisados cortes histológicos de 15 pacientes recém-diagnosticados, oito com LD e sete com DD. O grupo controle foi composto por 20 amostras de pele de indivíduos saudáveis submetidos a cirurgia plástica. TLR-2 e TLR-4 foram quantificados em lesões cutâneas por imunohistoquímica. Encontramos uma expressão reduzida de TLR-4 na epiderme superior e inferior nos dois grupos, LD e DD, quando comparados com o grupo controle; a expressão de TLR-2 foi preservada na epiderme superior e inferior de todos os três grupos. Como a sinalização por TLR-4 induz produção de citocinas inflamatórias e recrutamento de neutrófilos, a menor expressão desta molécula provavelmente contribui para a não resolução da infecção e conseqüente natureza persistente da dermatofitose. Como a sinalização via TLR-2 tem sido descrita como fator de regulação do processo inflamatório e de preservação da estrutura epidérmica, a sua expressão inalterada nas lesões dos pacientes com DD e DL pode contribuir também para a persistência da infecção e do reduzido processo inflamatório que são característicos das infecções por dermatófitos.