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Otomycosis in the South of Iran with a High Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Hospital-Based Study
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Otomycosis in the South of Iran with a High Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Hospital-Based Study
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Journal Article
Otomycosis in the South of Iran with a High Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Hospital-Based Study
2022
Overview
Introduction
Otomycosis is a superficial infection of the external ear caused by fungal pathogens. The genera
Aspergillus
and
Candida
are considered the main fungal causative agents, with the predominance of
Aspergillus
section
Nigri.
The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical symptoms of patients with otomycosis and predisposing factors and to identify fungal etiological agents using molecular approaches. We also present an overview of published papers on tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) secondary to otomycosis.
Materials and Methods
An otorhinolaryngologist collected specimens from external ear canals of patients with suspected otomycosis based on the patient’s history and clinical examinations. The specimens were collected using sterile swabs. Fungal isolates were confirmed in clinical specimens by direct microscopy and culture methods. Fungal isolates were identified based on molecular approaches.
Results
In total, specimens from 211 patients with suspected otomycosis were examined. The presence of fungi was confirmed in about 51% of patients based on fungal elements in direct microscopy and culture-positive fungi.
Aspergillus tubingensis
was the most commonly isolated species (52.77%), followed by
Aspergillus niger
(25.92%). Otomycosis due to infection with
Candida
species was observed in 16% of cases. Of note, in 36.11% of cases, otomycosis was associated with TMP.
Conclusion
A mycological examination is indispensable for a correct diagnosis in patients with otitis extern. TMP should be considered in patients with otomycosis, as it appears to be relatively common in this population.
