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Microbial glycan microarrays define key features of host-microbial interactions
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Journal Article
Microbial glycan microarrays define key features of host-microbial interactions
2014
Overview
An array of approximately 300 different carbohydrate structures from select gut bacteria was generated and probed with mouse and rabbit IgG samples. The binding results indicate that galectins 3, 4 and 8 of the innate immune system can recognize certain microbes only if they express self-like antigens.
Genomic approaches continue to provide unprecedented insight into the microbiome, yet host immune interactions with diverse microbiota can be difficult to study. We therefore generated a microbial microarray containing defined antigens isolated from a broad range of microbial flora to examine adaptive and innate immunity. Serological studies with this microarray show that immunoglobulins from multiple mammalian species have unique patterns of reactivity, whereas exposure of animals to distinct microbes induces specific serological recognition. Although adaptive immunity exhibited plasticity toward microbial antigens, immunological tolerance limits reactivity toward self. We discovered that several innate immune galectins show specific recognition of microbes that express self-like antigens, leading to direct killing of a broad range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes. Thus, host protection against microbes seems to represent a balance between adaptive and innate immunity to defend against evolving antigenic determinants while protecting against molecular mimicry.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 631/250
/ 82/80
/ 82/83
/ Animals
/ Antigens
/ Antigens, Bacterial - immunology
/ Antigens, Bacterial - metabolism
/ Flora
/ Genomics
/ Gram-Negative Bacteria - immunology
/ Gram-Positive Bacteria - immunology
/ Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
/ Humans
/ Immunoglobulin G - immunology
/ Immunoglobulin M - immunology
/ Mammals
/ Mice
/ Microarray Analysis - methods
/ Polysaccharides - immunology
/ Polysaccharides - metabolism
/ Rabbits
