Journal Article

Modifying nutritional substrates induces macrovesicular lipid droplet accumulation and metabolic alterations in a cellular model of hepatic steatosis

Pramfalk, Camilla, Pinnick, Katherine E., Millar, Val, Johnson, Elspeth M., Nagarajan, Shilpa R., Traka, Maria H., Gunn, Pippa J., Cornfield, Thomas, Troncoso‐Rey, Perla, Green, Charlotte J., Hutchinson, Matthew, Mithen, Richard F., Hodson, Leanne

2020

Overview

Background and Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with steatosis, where a mixed macrovesicular pattern of large and small lipid droplets (LDs) develops. Since in vitro models recapitulating this are limited, the aims of this study were to develop mixed macrovesicular steatosis in immortalized hepatocytes and investigate effects on intracellular metabolism by altering nutritional substrates. Methods Huh7 cells were cultured in 11 mM glucose and 2% human serum (HS) for 7 days before additional sugars and fatty acids (FAs), either with 200 µM FAs (low fat low sugar; LFLS), 5.5 mM fructose + 200 µM FAs (low fat high sugar; LFHS), or 5.5 mM fructose + 800 µM FAs (high fat high sugar; HFHS), were added for 7 days. FA metabolism, lipid droplet characteristics, and transcriptomic signatures were investigated. Results Between the LFLS and LFHS conditions, there were few notable differences. In the HFHS condition, intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) was increased and the LD pattern and distribution was similar to that found in primary steatotic hepatocytes. HFHS‐treated cells had lower levels of de novo‐derived FAs and secreted larger, TAG‐rich lipoprotein particles. RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis showed changes in several pathways including those involved in metabolism and cell cycle. Conclusions Repeated doses of HFHS treatment resulted in a cellular model of NAFLD with a mixed macrovesicular LD pattern and metabolic dysfunction. Since these nutrients have been implicated in the development of NAFLD in humans, the model provides a good physiological basis for studying NAFLD development or regression in vitro. Exposing Huh7 cells to repeated doses of a physiological treatment media containing, human serum, fatty acids and sugar lead to the development of a mixed macrovesicular steatotic lipid droplet pattern that is similar to that found in isolated primary hepatocytes. This model displays several characteristics of early‐stage NAFLD in vivo therefore providing a strong basis of a physiological model that can be further manipulated to investigate in vitro intracellular TAG development and/or regression.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Biopsy / Cell culture / Cell cycle / Cell Line, Tumor / Cells, Cultured / Cellular Physiology / Chromatography / Digestive Conditions, Disorders and Treatments / fatty acid / Fatty acids / Fatty Acids - metabolism / Fatty liver / Fructose / Gene set enrichment analysis / Glucose / Glucose - metabolism / Hepatocytes / Hepatocytes - metabolism / Hepatocytes - pathology / Humans / Insulin / Intracellular / Laboratories / lipid droplet / Lipid Droplets - metabolism / Lipid Droplets - pathology / Lipid metabolism / Lipids / Liver / Liver diseases / macrovesicular steatosis / Metabolism / Metabolism and Regulation / Metabolites / NAFLD / Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - genetics / Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism / Nutrients / Original Research / Oxidative stress / Pathogenesis / Penicillin / Physiology / Ribonucleic acid / RNA / RNA sequencing / senescence / Steatosis / Sugar / Transcriptome / Transcriptomics