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Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
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Journal Article
Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
2017
Overview
Key Points
Here, we review literature determining the arterial and arteriolar component of cerebral blood flow regulation.
Furthermore, we describe evidence of arterial and arteriolar blood flow control by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), astrocyte-mediated, direct neuron-mediated and endothelium-mediated regulation of VSMC tone.
Also, we discuss the capillary component of cerebral blood flow regulation.
Importantly, we highlight recent findings regarding the control of capillary blood flow by pericytes, and signalling in astrocytes and pericytes regulating capillary tone.
In addition, we examine vascular dysfunction in animal models, including amyloid-β-independent vascular changes, amyloid-β-dependent vascular changes and combined amyloid-β and vascular models.
Last, we emphasize Alzheimer disease vascular dysfunction, including cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral blood flow reductions and neurovascular uncoupling.
Cerebral blood flow regulation is essential for normal brain function. In this Review, Kisler and colleagues examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie cerebral blood flow regulation at the arteriole and capillary level, and how neurovascular dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease.
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is essential for normal brain function. The mammalian brain has evolved a unique mechanism for CBF control known as neurovascular coupling. This mechanism ensures a rapid increase in the rate of CBF and oxygen delivery to activated brain structures. The neurovascular unit is composed of astrocytes, mural vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, and endothelia, and regulates neurovascular coupling. This Review article examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the neurovascular unit that contribute to CBF control, and neurovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 59/57
/ 59/78
/ Alzheimer Disease - complications
/ Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology
/ Cerebrovascular Disorders - complications
/ Cerebrovascular Disorders - physiopathology
/ Control
/ Humans
