Journal Article

Thiazolidin-2,4-Dione Scaffold: An Insight into Recent Advances as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Agents

Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, Chopra, Hitesh, Aggarwal, Navidha, Mohanta, Yugal Kishore, Saravanan, Muthupandian, Deep, Aakash, Emran, Talha Bin, Matin, Mohammed M., Marwaha, Rakesh Kumar, Roy, Arpita, Ahmed, Ramzan, Kumar, Harsh, Mohanta, Tapan Kumar, Marwaha, Minakshi Gupta

2022

Overview

Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur, especially those in the thiazole family, have generated special interest in terms of their synthetic chemistry, which is attributable to their ubiquitous existence in pharmacologically dynamic natural products and also as overwhelmingly powerful agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. The thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety plays a central role in the biological functioning of several essential molecules. The availability of substitutions at the third and fifth positions of the Thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) scaffold makes it a highly utilized and versatile moiety that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. TZD analogues exhibit their hypoglycemic activity by improving insulin resistance through PPAR-γ receptor activation, their antimicrobial action by inhibiting cytoplasmic Mur ligases, and their antioxidant action by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this manuscript, an effort has been made to review the research on TZD derivatives as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihyperglycemic agents from the period from 2010 to the present date, along with their molecular mechanisms and the information on patents granted to TZD analogues.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Agrochemicals / Amino acids / Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology / Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology / Antibiotics / Antifungal agents / antihyperglycemic activity / antimicrobial activity / Antimicrobial agents / antioxidant activity / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - chemistry / Antioxidants - pharmacology / Apoptosis / Biological Products / Enzymes / Fatty acids / Free radicals / Gene expression / Glucose / Heterocyclic Compounds / Hypoglycemia / Hypoglycemic agents / Hypoglycemic Agents - chemistry / Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology / Imipenem / Insulin resistance / Ligands / Ligases / Lipids / mechanism of action / Metabolism / Nitrogen / patents granted / Pharmaceutical Preparations / PPAR gamma / Proteins / Reactive Oxygen Species / Review / Signal transduction / Sulfur / Sulfur compounds / Thiazoles / thiazolidin-2,4-dione derivatives / Thiazolidinediones - chemistry