Journal Article

Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women

Aoki, FY, Apter, D, Paavonen, J, Jaisamrarn, U, Limson, G, Chow, S-N, Poppe, WAJ, Salmerón, J, Szarewski, A, Descamps, D, Kitchener, H, Jenkins, D, Struyf, F, Zahaf, T, Lehtinen, M, Bosch, FX, Dubin, G, Hedrick, J, Schwarz, TF, Garland, S, Castellsague, X, Naud, P, Teixeira, JC, Romanowski, B, Wheeler, CM, Skinner, SR, Hardt, K

2009

Overview

The human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was immunogenic, generally well tolerated, and effective against HPV-16 or HPV-18 infections, and associated precancerous lesions in an event-triggered interim analysis of the phase III randomised, double-blind, controlled PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults (PATRICIA). We now assess the vaccine efficacy in the final event-driven analysis. Women (15–25 years) were vaccinated at months 0, 1, and 6. Analyses were done in the according-to-protocol cohort for efficacy (ATP-E; vaccine, n=8093; control, n=8069), total vaccinated cohort (TVC, included all women receiving at least one vaccine dose, regardless of their baseline HPV status; represents the general population, including those who are sexually active; vaccine, n=9319; control, n=9325), and TVC-naive (no evidence of oncogenic HPV infection at baseline; represents women before sexual debut; vaccine, n=5822; control, n=5819). The primary endpoint was to assess vaccine efficacy against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN2+) that was associated with HPV-16 or HPV-18 in women who were seronegative at baseline, and DNA negative at baseline and month 6 for the corresponding type (ATP-E). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00122681. Mean follow-up was 34·9 months (SD 6·4) after the third dose. Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ associated with HPV-16/18 was 92·9% (96·1% CI 79·9–98·3) in the primary analysis and 98·1% (88·4–100) in an analysis in which probable causality to HPV type was assigned in lesions infected with multiple oncogenic types (ATP-E cohort). Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ irrespective of HPV DNA in lesions was 30·4% (16·4–42·1) in the TVC and 70·2% (54·7–80·9) in the TVC-naive. Corresponding values against CIN3+ were 33·4% (9·1–51·5) in the TVC and 87·0% (54·9–97·7) in the TVC-naive. Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ associated with 12 non-vaccine oncogenic types was 54·0% (34·0–68·4; ATP-E). Individual cross-protection against CIN2+ associated with HPV-31, HPV-33, and HPV-45 was seen in the TVC. The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine showed high efficacy against CIN2+ associated with HPV-16/18 and non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types and substantial overall effect in cohorts that are relevant to universal mass vaccination and catch-up programmes. GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / ATP / Autoimmune diseases / Biomedical research / Cervical cancer / Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - prevention & control / Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia - virology / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA / Double-Blind Method / Female / Human papillomavirus / Human papillomavirus 16 / Human papillomavirus 18 / Humans / Immunization / Internal Medicine / Lesions / Mass Vaccination / Neoplasm Staging / Papillomavirus Infections - complications / Papillomavirus Infections - virology / Papillomavirus Vaccines - immunology / Precancerous Conditions - prevention & control / Precancerous Conditions - virology / Public health / Safety / Sexual Behavior / Treatment Outcome / Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - prevention & control / Uterine Cervical Neoplasms - virology / Vaccines / Vaginal Smears / Womens health / Young Adult / Young adults