Journal Article

Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a microvortex-generating herringbone-chip

Gilman, Anna J., Shah, Ajay M., Nagrath, Sunitha, Winokur, Daniel, Irimia, Daniel, Smas, Malgorzata E., Lord, Jenna B., Waltman, Belinda A., Lee, Richard J., Yu, Min, Miyamoto, David T., Tsukrov, Dina I., Isselbacher, Kurt J., Maheswaran, Shyamala, Haber, Daniel A., Stott, Shannon L., Floyd, Frederick P., Springer, Simeon, Hsu, Chia-Hsien, Korir, George K., Rothenberg, S. Michael, Sequist, Lecia V., Toner, Mehmet

2010

Overview

Rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present in the bloodstream of patients with cancer provide a potentially accessible source for detection, characterization, and monitoring of nonhematological cancers. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of a microfluidic device, the CTC-Chip, in capturing these epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-expressing cells using antibody-coated microposts. Here, we describe a high-throughput microfluidic mixing device, the herringbone-chip, or “HB-Chip,” which provides an enhanced platform for CTC isolation. The HB-Chip design applies passive mixing of blood cells through the generation of microvortices to significantly increase the number of interactions between target CTCs and the antibody-coated chip surface. Efficient cell capture was validated using defined numbers of cancer cells spiked into control blood, and clinical utility was demonstrated in specimens from patients with prostate cancer. CTCs were detected in 14 of 15 (93%) patients with metastatic disease (median = 63 CTCs/mL, mean = 386 ± 238 CTCs/mL), and the tumor-specific TMPRSS2-ERG translocation was readily identified following RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis. The use of transparent materials allowed for imaging of the captured CTCs using standard clinical histopathological stains, in addition to immunofluorescence-conjugated antibodies. In a subset of patient samples, the low shear design of the HB-Chip revealed microclusters of CTCs, previously unappreciated tumor cell aggregates that may contribute to the hematogenous dissemination of cancer.

• Publisher: National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences
• Subject: antibodies / Base Sequence / Biological Sciences / Biomedical Engineering / Blood / Blood cells / blood flow / Cancer / cell adhesion / cell aggregates / Cell Aggregation / Cell Line, Tumor / Cell lines / Cell Separation - instrumentation / Cells / DNA, Neoplasm - genetics / DNA, Neoplasm - isolation & purification / Epithelial cells / Flow velocity / Herringbone / histopathology / Humans / image analysis / Imaging / Lung Neoplasms - blood / Male / Metastasis / Microfluidic Analytical Techniques - instrumentation / mixing / monitoring / neoplasm cells / Neoplastic Cells, Circulating - pathology / Oncogene Proteins, Fusion - genetics / patients / Physical Sciences / Polymerase chain reaction / Prostate cancer / prostatic neoplasms / Prostatic Neoplasms - blood / Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics / Prostatic Neoplasms - secondary / reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction / Ribonucleic acid / RNA / Translocation / Tumors