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D-Lactic Acid as a Metabolite: Toxicology, Diagnosis, and Detection
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D-Lactic Acid as a Metabolite: Toxicology, Diagnosis, and Detection
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Journal Article
D-Lactic Acid as a Metabolite: Toxicology, Diagnosis, and Detection
2020
Overview
Two enantiomers of lactic acid exist. While L-lactic acid is a common compound of human metabolism, D-lactic acid is produced by some strains of microorganism or by some less relevant metabolic pathways. While L-lactic acid is an endogenous compound, D-lactic acid is a harmful enantiomer. Exposure to D-lactic acid can happen by various ways including contaminated food and beverages and by microbiota during some pathological states like short bowel syndrome. The exposure to D-lactic acid cannot be diagnosed because the common analytical methods are not suitable for distinguishing between the two enantiomers. In this review, pathways for D-lactic acid, pathological processes, and diagnostical and analytical methods are introduced followed by figures and tables. The current literature is summarized and discussed.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation,Hindawi,John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subject
/ Animals
/ Bacteria
/ E coli
/ Enzymes
/ Exposure
/ Fungi
/ Humans
/ Metabolic Networks and Pathways
/ Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
/ Review
