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Challenging thermodynamics: combining immiscible elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic
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Challenging thermodynamics: combining immiscible elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic
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Journal Article
Challenging thermodynamics: combining immiscible elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic
2024
Overview
The Hume-Rothery rules governing solid-state miscibility limit the compositional space for new inorganic material discovery. Here, we report a non-equilibrium, one-step, and scalable flame synthesis method to overcome thermodynamic limits and incorporate immiscible elements into single phase ceramic nanoshells. Starting from prototype examples including (NiMg)O, (NiAl)O
x
, and (NiZr)O
x
, we then extend this method to a broad range of Ni-containing ceramic solid solutions, and finally to general binary combinations of elements. Furthermore, we report an “encapsulated exsolution” phenomenon observed upon reducing the metastable porous (Ni
0.07
Al
0.93
)O
x
to create ultra-stable Ni nanoparticles embedded within the walls of porous Al
2
O
3
nanoshells. This nanoconfined structure demonstrated high sintering resistance during 640 h of catalysis of CO
2
reforming of methane, maintaining constant 96% CH
4
and CO
2
conversion at 800 °C and dramatically outperforming conventional catalysts. Our findings could greatly expand opportunities to develop novel inorganic energy, structural, and functional materials.
Elemental immiscibility limits the development of solid solution materials. Here, authors create a nonequilibrium flame aerosol method to mix nearly any pair of metal elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic. Also, an exsolution behavior is presented to produce active and stable nanoparticles.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
