Journal Article

Myocardial injury in severe COVID‐19 is similar to pneumonias of other origin: results from a multicentre study

Pistulli, Rudin, Fröb, Elisabeth J., Frank, Nino, Tschoellitsch, Thomas, Dankl, Daniel, Mahringer, Magdalena, Salzer, Helmut J.F., Egle, Alexander, Lamprecht, Bernd, Butkiene, Dominyka, Haake, Hendrik, Jirak, Peter, Torgersen, Christian, Shomanova, Zornitsa, Larbig, Robert, Lichtenauer, Michael, Reinecke, Holger, Hoppe, Uta C., Motloch, Lukas J.

2021

Overview

Aims COVID‐19, a respiratory viral disease causing severe pneumonia, also affects the heart and other organs. Whether its cardiac involvement is a specific feature consisting of myocarditis, or simply due to microvascular injury and systemic inflammation, is yet unclear and presently debated. Because myocardial injury is also common in other kinds of pneumonias, we investigated and compared such occurrence in severe pneumonias due to COVID‐19 and other causes. Methods and results We analysed data from 156 critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation in four European tertiary hospitals, including all n = 76 COVID‐19 patients with severe disease course requiring at least ventilatory support, matched to n = 76 from a retrospective consecutive patient cohort of severe pneumonias of other origin (matched for age, gender, and type of ventilator therapy). When compared to the non‐COVID‐19, mortality (COVID‐19 = 38.2% vs. non‐COVID‐19 = 51.3%, P = 0.142) and impairment of systolic function were not significantly different. Surprisingly, myocardial injury was even more frequent in non‐COVID‐19 (96.4% vs. 78.1% P = 0.004). Although inflammatory activity [C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6] was indifferent, d‐dimer and thromboembolic incidence (COVID‐19 = 23.7% vs. non‐COVID‐19 = 5.3%, P = 0.002) driven by pulmonary embolism rates (COVID‐19 = 17.1% vs. non‐COVID‐19 = 2.6%, P = 0.005) were higher. Conclusions Myocardial injury was frequent in severe COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation, but still less frequent than in similarly severe pneumonias of other origin, indicating that cardiac involvement may not be a specific feature of COVID‐19. While mortality was also similar, COVID‐19 is characterized with increased thrombogenicity and high pulmonary embolism rates.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Acute Disease / Acute respiratory distress syndrome / Aged / Cardiomyopathies - etiology / Cardiomyopathies - mortality / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular system / Case-Control Studies / Clinical medicine / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - complications / COVID-19 - mortality / COVID-19 - therapy / Data collection / Disease transmission / Female / Gender / Humans / Hypertension / Intensive care / Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data / Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data / Lung diseases / Male / Mortality / Myocarditis / Myocarditis - etiology / Myocarditis - mortality / Original / Original s / Pandemics / Patients / Pneumonia / Pneumonia - complications / Respiration, Artificial / Respiratory therapy / Retrospective Studies / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Standard deviation / Statistical analysis / Tertiary Care Centers / Thrombosis / Ventilators