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Emerging Cases of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis Driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil
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Emerging Cases of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis Driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil
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Journal Article
Emerging Cases of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis Driven by Sporothrix brasiliensis in Northeast Brazil
2024
Overview
Cat-transmitted sporotrichosis is caused by the emerging fungal pathogen
Sporothrix brasiliensis
and constitutes a significant public health issue that affects people living in resource-poor urban centers in Brazil. The lack of knowledge about transmission dynamics makes it difficult to propose public health policies to contain the advance of sporotrichosis. We describe the recent emergence of 1,176 cases of sporotrichosis in cats (2016 to 2021) in the metropolitan region of Recife, Brazil, leading to significant zoonotic transmission and an overwhelming occurrence of
S. brasiliensis
as the etiological agent. Most cases were from cats in the cities of Olinda (408/1,176; 34.70%), Jaboatão dos Guararapes (332/1,176; 28.23%), and Recife (237/1,176; 20.15%). Molecular typing using amplified fragment length polymorphism (EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG) revealed low polymorphic information content (
PIC
= 0.2499) and heterozygosity (
H
= 0.2928), typical of an outbreak scenario. Dendrogram and multivariate cluster analysis revealed that isolates from Pernambuco are closely related to Rio de Janeiro isolates. We report a substantial occurrence of
MAT1-2
idiomorphs in the metropolitan region of Recife (0:60 ratio; χ
2
= 60.000,
P
< 0.0001). The limited population differentiation and genetic diversity of the isolates from Pernambuco suggest a recent introduction, possibly via a founder effect, from the parental population in Rio de Janeiro. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of molecular surveillance of
S. brasiliensis
for outbreak response. A comprehensive one-health strategy is mandatory to control the spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis driven by
S. brasiliensis
, encompassing sanitary barriers, quick diagnosis, and treatment.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
Amplified fragment length polymorphism
/ Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cats
/ Communicable Diseases, Emerging - epidemiology
/ Communicable Diseases, Emerging - microbiology
/ Communicable Diseases, Emerging - transmission
/ Genotype
/ Sporothrix - isolation & purification
/ Sporotrichosis - epidemiology
/ Sporotrichosis - microbiology
