Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Diversifying microRNA sequence and function
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Diversifying microRNA sequence and function
Do you wish to request the book?
Diversifying microRNA sequence and function
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Diversifying microRNA sequence and function
2013
Overview
Key Points
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that guide post-transcriptional gene regulation to shape the rate at which genetic information is converted into proteins. Due to this, miRNAs contribute to the establishment of gene expression patterns that are required for normal development and physiology in plants and animals.
RNase III enzymes, together with specific double-stranded RNA-binding partner proteins, produce miRNAs from genomically encoded precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). In rare cases, nucleases from other cellular pathways can replace RNase III enzymes in the production of miRNAs.
After the assembly of miRNA duplexes, these small RNAs are loaded into proteins from the Argonaute (AGO) protein family. AGO proteins organize small RNAs into subdomains, including the seed sequence, which mediates target RNA binding. The mechanisms by which miRNAs function include endonucleolytic cleavage, translational repression and mRNA turnover.
Recent evidence suggests that small RNA stability can be influenced by miRNA sequence motifs, chemical modifications and interactions with target mRNAs.
miRNAs are annotated as single sequences, but recent high-throughput efforts to catalogue small RNAs from various organisms, tissues and cell types reveal that most miRNAs comprise multiple isoforms. Several mechanisms have been shown to diversify miRNA sequence and function.
The advent of next-generation sequencing technology has revealed the miRNAs of key model organisms, but the extent to which each miRNA contributes to the regulation of targets in the transcriptome of a given cell type remains unclear. The biochemical and biophysical properties of miRNA silencing complexes provide a quantitative framework for their reciprocal function and their targets, according to their abundance and relative stoichiometry inside the cell.
The mechanisms that regulate miRNA stability and the generation of distinct miRNA isoforms are beginning to be elucidated. Better understanding of how such miRNAs mediate gene expression control will require quantitative analyses that dissect different models of miRNA function.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of most genes in animals, but we are only now beginning to understand how they are generated, assembled into functional complexes and destroyed. Various mechanisms have now been identified that regulate miRNA stability and that diversify miRNA sequences to create distinct isoforms. The production of different isoforms of individual miRNAs in specific cells and tissues may have broader implications for miRNA-mediated gene expression control. Rigorously testing the many discrepant models for how miRNAs function using quantitative biochemical measurements made
in vivo
and
in vitro
remains a major challenge for the future.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
