Journal Article

Radio-frequency induced heating of intra-cranial EEG electrodes: The more the colder?

Schuettler, Martin, Lottner, Thomas, Bock, Michael, Bielak, Lars, Özen, Ali C., Reiss, Simon, Rieger, Stefan B., Fischer, Johannes

2022

Overview

•First systematic study on impact of number of icEEG channels on RF heating.•MR thermometry allows measurements of heating over whole icEEG electrode grids.•RF induced heating of icEEG electrodes decreases with number of channels. Many neurological disorders are analyzed and treated with implantable electrodes. Many patients with such electrodes have to undergo MRI examinations – often unrelated to their implant - at the risk of radio-frequency induced heating. The number of electrode contact sites of these implants keeps increasing due to improvements in manufacturing and computational algorithms. Electrode grids with multiple receive channels couple to the RF fields present in MRI, but, due to their proximity, a combination of leads has a coupling response which is not a superposition of the individual leads’ response. To investigate the problem of RF-induced heating of coupled multi-lead implants, temperature mapping was performed on a set of intra-cranial electroencephalogram (icEEG) electrode grid prototypes with increasing number of contact sites (1-16). Additionally, electric field measurements were used to investigate the radio-frequency heating characteristics of the implants in different media combinations, simulating the device being partially immersed inside the patient. MR measurements show RF-induced heating up to 19.6 K for the single electrode, reducing monotonically with larger number of contact sites to a minimum of 0.9 K for the largest grid. The SAR calculated from temperature measurements agrees well with electric field mapping: The same trend is visible for different insertion lengths, however, the energy dissipated by the whole implant varies with the grid size and insertion length. Thus, in the tested circumstances, a larger electrode number either reduced or had a similar risk of RF induced heating, indicating, that the size of electrode grids is a design parameter, which can be used to change an implants RF response and in turn to reduce the risk of RF induced heating and improve the safety of patient with neuro-implants undergoing MRI examinations.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited,Elsevier
• Subject: Cables / Computational neuroscience / ECoG / EEG / Electric fields / Electrodes / Electrodes, Implanted - adverse effects / Electroencephalography / Heat / Hot Temperature / Humans / icEEG / Implants / Lasers / Localization / Magnetic resonance imaging / Magnetic Resonance Imaging - adverse effects / Mapping / Medical equipment / Medical research / MR safety / MRI / Neurological diseases / Phantoms, Imaging / Planar electrodes / Radio Waves - adverse effects / RF induced heating / Skull / Transplants & implants