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RNA G-quadruplexes control mitochondria-localized mRNA translation and energy metabolism
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RNA G-quadruplexes control mitochondria-localized mRNA translation and energy metabolism
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RNA G-quadruplexes control mitochondria-localized mRNA translation and energy metabolism
RNA G-quadruplexes control mitochondria-localized mRNA translation and energy metabolism
Journal Article

RNA G-quadruplexes control mitochondria-localized mRNA translation and energy metabolism

2025
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Overview
Cancer cells rely on mitochondria for their bioenergetic supply and macromolecule synthesis. Central to mitochondrial function is the regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis, which primarily depends on the cytoplasmic translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs whose protein products are imported into mitochondria. Despite the growing evidence that mitochondrial protein synthesis contributes to the onset and progression of cancer, and can thus offer new opportunities for cancer therapy, knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. Here, we show that RNA G-quadruplexes (RG4s) regulate mitochondrial function by modulating cytoplasmic mRNA translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. Our data support a model whereby the RG4 folding dynamics, under the control of oncogenic signaling and modulated by small molecule ligands or RG4-binding proteins, modifies mitochondria-localized cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Ultimately, this impairs mitochondrial functions, affecting energy metabolism and consequently cancer cell proliferation. Cancer cells rely on mitochondria for energy and macromolecule synthesis. Here, the authors show that RNA G-quadruplex dynamics, driven by oncogenic signals, regulate the translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs, affecting mitochondrial function and promoting cancer cell growth.