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Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses
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Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses
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Journal Article
Autophagy in T cells from aged donors is maintained by spermidine and correlates with function and vaccine responses
2020
Overview
Vaccines are powerful tools to develop immune memory to infectious diseases and prevent excess mortality. In older adults, however vaccines are generally less efficacious and the molecular mechanisms that underpin this remain largely unknown. Autophagy, a process known to prevent aging, is critical for the maintenance of immune memory in mice. Here, we show that autophagy is specifically induced in vaccine-induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in healthy human volunteers. In addition, reduced IFNγ secretion by RSV-induced T cells in older vaccinees correlates with low autophagy levels. We demonstrate that levels of the endogenous autophagy-inducing metabolite spermidine fall in human T cells with age. Spermidine supplementation in T cells from old donors recovers their autophagy level and function, similar to young donors’ cells, in which spermidine biosynthesis has been inhibited. Finally, our data show that endogenous spermidine maintains autophagy via the translation factor eIF5A and transcription factor TFEB. In summary, we have provided evidence for the importance of autophagy in vaccine immunogenicity in older humans and uncovered two novel drug targets that may increase vaccination efficiency in the aging context.
Publisher
eLife Science Publications, Ltd,eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd,eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Subject
Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology
/ Adult
/ Aged
/ Animals
/ Antigens
/ B cells
/ Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors - metabolism
/ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A
/ Humans
/ Immunologic Memory - immunology
/ Mice
/ Peptide Initiation Factors - metabolism
/ Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines - immunology
/ Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - immunology
/ RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
/ T cells
/ TFEB
/ vaccine
/ Vaccines
