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The Placenta as a Mediator of Stress Effects on Neurodevelopmental Reprogramming
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The Placenta as a Mediator of Stress Effects on Neurodevelopmental Reprogramming
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Journal Article
The Placenta as a Mediator of Stress Effects on Neurodevelopmental Reprogramming
2016
Overview
Adversity experienced during gestation is a predictor of lifetime neuropsychiatric disease susceptibility. Specifically, maternal stress during pregnancy predisposes offspring to sex-biased neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Animal models have demonstrated disease-relevant endophenotypes in prenatally stressed offspring and have provided unique insight into potential programmatic mechanisms. The placenta has a critical role in the deleterious and sex-specific effects of maternal stress and other fetal exposures on the developing brain. Stress-induced perturbations of the maternal milieu are conveyed to the embryo via the placenta, the maternal-fetal intermediary responsible for maintaining intrauterine homeostasis. Disruption of vital placental functions can have a significant impact on fetal development, including the brain, outcomes that are largely sex-specific. Here we review the novel involvement of the placenta in the transmission of the maternal adverse environment and effects on the developing brain.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
/ Autism
/ Female
/ Fetal Development - physiology
/ Fetuses
/ Humans
/ Neurodevelopmental Disorders - metabolism
/ Neurodevelopmental Disorders - pathology
/ Neurodevelopmental Disorders - psychology
/ Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews
/ Placenta
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - metabolism
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - pathology
/ Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - psychology
/ Stress
/ Stress, Psychological - metabolism
/ Stress, Psychological - pathology
