Journal Article

Ceiling effects in the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) suggest that non-parametric scoring methods are required

French, Blandine, Blanchard, Caroline C. V., Holmes, Nicholas P., McGlashan, Hannah L., Sycamore, Nicole J.

2018

Overview

Initially designed to identify children's movement impairments in clinical settings, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) is also widely used to evaluate children's movement in research. Standardised scores on the test are calculated using parametric methods under the assumption of normally-distributed data. In a pilot study with thirty five 8-10 year old children (i.e., in Age Band 2 of the MABC-2), we found that maximal performance was often reached. These 'ceiling effects' created distributions of scores that may violate parametric assumptions. Tests of normality, skew, and goodness-of-fit revealed this violation, most clearly on three of the eight sub-tests. A strong deviation from normality was again observed in a sample of 161 children (8-10 years, Experiment 1), however ceiling effects were reduced by modifying the scoring methods, and administering items designed for older children when maximal performance was reached. Experiment 2 (n = 81, 7-10 years) further refined the administration and scoring methods, and again improved the distributions of scores. Despite reducing ceiling effects, scores remained non-parametrically distributed, justifying non-parametric analytic approaches. By randomly and repeatedly resampling from the raw data, we generated non-parametric reference distributions for assigning percentiles to each child's performance, and compared the results with the standardised scores. Distributions of scores obtained with both parametric and non-parametric methods were skewed, and the methods resulted in different rankings of the same data. Overall, we demonstrate that some MABC-2 item scores are not normally-distributed, and violate parametric assumptions. Changes in administering and scoring may partially address these issues. We propose that resampling or other non-parametric methods are required to create new reference distributions to which an individual child's performance can be referred. The modifications we propose are preliminary, but the implication is that a new standardisation is required to deal with the non-parametric data acquired with the MABC-2 performance test.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Age / Algorithms / Analysis / Biology and Life Sciences / Child / Children / Children & youth / Data acquisition / Diagnostic Tests, Routine - standards / Female / Goodness of fit / Health aspects / Human performance / Humans / Identification methods / Male / Medicine and Health Sciences / Motor Skills - physiology / Motor Skills Disorders - diagnosis / Movement disorders / Movement Disorders - diagnosis / Needs Assessment - standards / Nonparametric statistics / Normal distribution / Normality / Outcome and process assessment (Medical care) / Parametric devices / People and Places / Performance tests / Physical Sciences / Pilot Projects / Quantitative psychology / Resampling / Research and Analysis Methods / Risk factors / Standard scores / Standard scores (Statistics) / Statistics, Nonparametric