Journal Article

Risk and timing of recurrent ischemic events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease, non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Rothenbühler, Martina, Windecker, Stephan, Jüni, Peter, Silber, Sigmund, Stortecky, Stefan, Piccolo, Raffaele, Vranckx, Pascal, Stefanini, Giulio G., Rat, Julie, Räber, Lorenz, Pilgrim, Thomas, Hunziker, Lukas, Serruys, Patrick W., Blöchlinger, Stefan, Valgimigli, Marco

2016

Overview

We aimed to compare differences in risk and timing of recurrent ischemic events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We performed an individual data pooled analysis of 5 randomized controlled all-comer trials including a total of 8,859 patients and investigated the risk and timing of recurrent ischemic events among patients with SIHD (n = 3,543), NSTE-ACS (n = 3,364), and STEMI (n = 1,952) throughout 2 years of follow-up. At 2 years, all-cause mortality was higher among patients with STEMI (6.4%) and NSTE-ACS (6.1%) compared with those with SIHD (4.2%) (STEMI vs SIHD: hazard ratio [HR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.78, P = .007; NSTE-ACS vs SIHD: 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.73, P = .002). In a landmark analysis, the risk of mortality among patients with STEMI compared with those with SIHD was confined to the first 30 days after PCI (HR 6.19, 95% CI 3.15-12.16, P < .001) but was similar between 30 days and 2 years (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.76-1.33, P = .974) (Pinteraction < .001). Conversely, patients with NSTE-ACS had a higher risk of mortality compared with those with SIHD both within the first 30 days (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.08-4.47, P = .031) and beyond (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.07-1.67, P = .012) (Pinteraction < .001). A similar pattern in the differential timing of events was observed for cardiac death. Beyond 30 days, the risk of myocardial infarction was comparable in patients with STEMI and SIHD, whereas the risk in patients with NSTE-ACS was increased (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.23-2.21, P = .001). Whereas patients with NSTE-ACS are at increased risk for death at any time after PCI, the mortality of STEMI patients is higher during the first 30 days after PCI but not thereafter compared with patients with SIHD.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Acute coronary syndromes / Aged / Angina, Stable - diagnosis / Angina, Stable - mortality / Angina, Stable - therapy / Cardiovascular / Clinical outcomes / Electrocardiography / Female / Humans / Long Term Adverse Effects - diagnosis / Long Term Adverse Effects - etiology / Long Term Adverse Effects - mortality / Male / Middle Aged / Mortality / Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis / Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction - mortality / Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction - therapy / Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) / Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - adverse effects / Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - methods / Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - statistics & numerical data / Prognosis / Recurrence / Risk Assessment / ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis / ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - mortality / ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - therapy / Stents / Time Factors