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Environmental investigation of 10 cases of nosocomial Bacillus cereus bacteraemia between 2018 and 2023
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Environmental investigation of 10 cases of nosocomial Bacillus cereus bacteraemia between 2018 and 2023
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Journal Article
Environmental investigation of 10 cases of nosocomial Bacillus cereus bacteraemia between 2018 and 2023
2025
Overview
Background
Bacillus cereus
can cause severe and potentially fatal bloodstream infections in immunocompromised patients, including preterm neonates. When the infection is nosocomial, investigating a potential environmental source is crucial to mitigate the transmission. This study investigated the potential environmental sources of ten cases of
B. cereus
bacteraemia in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed strains from 6 temporal groups of cases involving 10 preterm neonates with bacteraemia (December-2018 to November-2023) and 28 related environmental samples. Strain typing used Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST) to identify sequence types (ST), followed by core-genome analysis (cgMLST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for strains within the same ST.
Results
The 10 clinical strains belonged to 10 different STs, while environmental strains fell into 18 STs. Fourteen strains across four STs matched clinical and environmental sources and were grouped into 4 groups (G1 to G4). Two environmental strains linked to clinical cases were isolated from medical offices, and five from nurses’ locker rooms. These strains were analysed by WGS (Illumina) alongside other
Bacillus
species. G1 and G2 corresponded to
B. cereus
species whereas strains of G3 and G4 were closely related to
B. pacificus
and
B. paranthracis
, respectively.
Conclusion
We determined that severe
B. cereus
infections cases in 10 preterm neonates were not linked to each other, but rather to multiple potential environmental reservoirs within the NICU, often located farther from clinical wards than expected. These areas are not subject to same hygienic standards as medical units. Our findings highlight the need for routine monitoring of hand hygiene practices along with close surveillance and systematic biocleaning that targets not only direct patient care areas but also the broader hospital environment.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Bacillus cereus - classification
/ Bacillus cereus - isolation & purification
/ BCG
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ cgMLST
/ Cross Infection - epidemiology
/ Cross Infection - microbiology
/ Diseases
/ Female
/ Genomics
/ Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - epidemiology
/ Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology
/ Humans
/ Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
/ Male
/ NICU
/ WGS
