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CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
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CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
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CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
Journal Article

CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?

2007
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Overview
Key Points Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases are key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle. They are required to control cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) dephosphorylation and activation in a strict spatio-temporal manner. CDC25A, B and C expression and activity is tightly regulated by many mechanisms, including alternative exon splicing, phosphorylation–dephosphorylation cycles, interactions with partners such as 14-3-3 proteins, intracellular localization and cell-cycle controlled degradation. CDC25 phosphatases are key targets of the checkpoint machinery activated in response to DNA damage. They are functionally inactivated or degraded to stop cell-cycle progression. CDC25B activity is required for checkpoint recovery. CDC25A and CDC25B overexpression are frequently found in many cancers, and are often associated with high-grade tumours and poor prognosis. The contribution of CDC25 phosphatases to tumorigenesis might be related to the genetic instability associated with the checkpoint-abrogating effect of their overexpression. Compounds that inhibit CDC25 phosphatase activities are currently being developed. The most potent quinonoid-based compounds identified so far are active on xenografted tumour models. Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases regulate key cell-cycle transitions. Thus, it is not surprising that CDC25 overexpression has been reported in a significant number of human cancers. What are the roles of CDC25 phosphatases in abnormal cell proliferation, and what is the future for targeting CDC25 activity in cancer treatment? Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases regulate key transitions between cell cycle phases during normal cell division, and in the event of DNA damage they are key targets of the checkpoint machinery that ensures genetic stability. Taking only this into consideration, it is not surprising that CDC25 overexpression has been reported in a significant number of human cancers. However, in light of the significant body of evidence detailing the stringent complexity with which CDC25 activities are regulated, the significance of CDC25 overexpression in a subset of cancers and its association with poor prognosis are proving difficult to assess. We will focus on the roles of CDC25 phosphatases in both normal and abnormal cell proliferation, provide a critical assessment of the current data on CDC25 overexpression in cancer, and discuss both current and future therapeutic strategies for targeting CDC25 activity in cancer treatment.