Journal Article

Multiplexed Surface Electrode Arrays Based on Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Electronics for High‐Resolution Cortical Mapping

Brunner, Clément, Mora Lopez, Carolina, Rolin, Cédric, Genoe, Jan, Londoño‐Ramírez, Horacio, Hoffman, Luis, Haesler, Sebastian, Ballini, Marco, Huang, Xiaohua, Steudel, Soeren, Cools, Jordi, Chrzanowska, Anna

2024

Overview

Electrode grids are used in neuroscience research and clinical practice to record electrical activity from the surface of the brain. However, existing passive electrocorticography (ECoG) technologies are unable to offer both high spatial resolution and wide cortical coverage, while ensuring a compact acquisition system. The electrode count and density are restricted by the fact that each electrode must be individually wired. This work presents an active micro‐electrocorticography (µECoG) implant that tackles this limitation by incorporating metal oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) into a flexible electrode array, allowing to address multiple electrodes through a single shared readout line. By combining the array with an incremental‐ΔΣ readout integrated circuit (ROIC), the system is capable of recording from up to 256 electrodes virtually simultaneously, thanks to the implemented 16:1 time‐division multiplexing scheme, offering lower noise levels than existing active µECoG arrays. In vivo validation is demonstrated acutely in mice by recording spontaneous activity and somatosensory evoked potentials over a cortical surface of ≈8×8 mm2. The proposed neural interface overcomes the wiring bottleneck limiting ECoG arrays, holding promise as a powerful tool for improved mapping of the cerebral cortex and as an enabling technology for future brain‐machine interfaces. Increasing electrode count of flexible electrode arrays in a sustainable way: Incorporating metal oxide thin‐film transistors into flexible micro‐electrocorticography (µECoG) electrode arrays enables multiplexing of the recording electrodes, overcoming the wiring bottleneck faced by current µECoG technologies. By combining the arrays with a dedicated silicon readout chip, 256 electrodes can be recorded simultaneously in time‐division multiplexing mode employing only 16 channels.

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
• Subject: Arrays / a‐IGZO / Convulsions & seizures / electrocorticography / electrode arrays / Electrodes / Epilepsy / flexible electronics / Gold / Metal oxides / Prostheses / thin‐film transistors / time‐division multiplexing / Transistors / µECoGs