Journal Article

Drug concentrations after topical and oral antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis: implications for HIV prevention in women

Karim, Salim S Abdool, Werner, Lise, Kashuba, Angela DM, Karim, Quarraisha Abdool

2011

Overview

[...] there is improved clarity about the threshold concentration of tenofovir that is likely to protect against HIV, the goal in future clinical trials of this drug should be to attain the highest tolerable drug concentrations in the vagina. [...] new PrEP formulations, such as intravaginal rings and injectables, will need to be carefully assessed to work out whether the drug concentrations achieved at the site of viral exposure are likely to be high enough to prevent HIV infection.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Adenine - administration & dosage / Adenine - analogs & derivatives / Adenine - blood / Adenine - metabolism / Administration, Intravaginal / Administration, Oral / Africa South of the Sahara - epidemiology / Anti-HIV Agents - administration & dosage / Anti-HIV Agents - blood / Anti-HIV Agents - metabolism / Anti-Retroviral Agents - administration & dosage / Antiretroviral agents / Antiretroviral drugs / Coitus / Deoxycytidine - administration & dosage / Deoxycytidine - analogs & derivatives / Deoxycytidine - blood / Deoxycytidine - metabolism / Disease transmission / Drug dosages / Early Termination of Clinical Trials / Emtricitabine / Female / Gels / HIV / HIV Infections - epidemiology / HIV Infections - metabolism / HIV Infections - prevention & control / Human immunodeficiency virus / Humans / Incidence / Internal Medicine / Organophosphonates - administration & dosage / Organophosphonates - blood / Organophosphonates - metabolism / Primary Prevention - methods / Prophylaxis / R&D / Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Rectum - metabolism / Research & development / Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - administration & dosage / Technological change / Tenofovir / Time Factors / Vagina - metabolism / Women's Health