Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
The Adenosine-Dependent Angiogenic Switch of Macrophages to an M2-Like Phenotype is Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha (IL-4Rα) Signaling
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
The Adenosine-Dependent Angiogenic Switch of Macrophages to an M2-Like Phenotype is Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha (IL-4Rα) Signaling
Do you wish to request the book?
The Adenosine-Dependent Angiogenic Switch of Macrophages to an M2-Like Phenotype is Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha (IL-4Rα) Signaling
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
The Adenosine-Dependent Angiogenic Switch of Macrophages to an M2-Like Phenotype is Independent of Interleukin-4 Receptor Alpha (IL-4Rα) Signaling
2013
Overview
ABSTRACT
Murine macrophages are activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists such as bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) to express an inflammatory (M1) phenotype characterized by the expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-12. In contrast, Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 activate macrophages by inducing the expression of arginase-1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in an IL-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα)-dependent manner. Macrophages activated in this way are designated as “alternatively activated” (M2a) macrophages. We have shown previously that adenosine A
2A
receptor (A
2A
R) agonists act synergistically with TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists to switch macrophages into an “M2-like” phenotype that we have termed “M2d.” Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10. We show here using mice lacking a functional IL-4Rα gene (IL-4Rα
−/−
mice) that this adenosine-mediated switch does not require IL-4Rα-dependent signaling. M2d macrophages express high levels of VEGF, IL-10, and iNOS, low levels of TNF-α and IL-12, and mildly elevated levels of arginase-1. In contrast, M2d macrophages do not express Ym1, Fizz1 (RELM-α), or CD206 at levels greater than those induced by LPS, and dectin-1 expression is suppressed. The use of these markers
in vivo
to identify “M2” macrophages thus provides an incomplete picture of macrophage functional status and should be viewed with caution.
Publisher
Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Animals
/ beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases - biosynthesis
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - biosynthesis
/ Interleukin-10 - biosynthesis
/ Interleukin-12 - biosynthesis
/ Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit - genetics
/ Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit - metabolism
/ Lectins, C-Type - biosynthesis
/ Male
/ Mannose-Binding Lectins - biosynthesis
/ Mice
/ Neovascularization, Physiologic - immunology
/ Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - biosynthesis
/ Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists - pharmacology
/ Receptor, Adenosine A2A - metabolism
/ Receptors, Cell Surface - biosynthesis
