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The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
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The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
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The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm

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The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm
Journal Article

The CatSper channel: a polymodal chemosensor in human sperm

2012
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Overview
The sperm‐specific CatSper channel controls the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and, thereby, the swimming behaviour of sperm. In humans, CatSper is directly activated by progesterone and prostaglandins—female factors that stimulate Ca 2+ influx. Other factors including neurotransmitters, chemokines, and odorants also affect sperm function by changing [Ca 2+ ] i . Several ligands, notably odorants, have been proposed to control Ca 2+ entry and motility via G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) and cAMP‐signalling pathways. Here, we show that odorants directly activate CatSper without involving GPCRs and cAMP. Moreover, membrane‐permeable analogues of cyclic nucleotides that have been frequently used to study cAMP‐mediated Ca 2+ signalling also activate CatSper directly via an extracellular site. Thus, CatSper or associated protein(s) harbour promiscuous binding sites that can host various ligands. These results contest current concepts of Ca 2+ signalling by GPCR and cAMP in mammalian sperm: ligands thought to activate metabotropic pathways, in fact, act via a common ionotropic mechanism. We propose that the CatSper channel complex serves as a polymodal sensor for multiple chemical cues that assist sperm during their voyage across the female genital tract. The calcium channel CatSper governs sperm swimming behaviour in response to progesterone and prostaglandins. Surprisingly, multiple types of small molecules including odorants and nucleotides directly activate CatSper‐mediated calcium influx independent of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) or cAMP signalling.