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Spiral Form of the Human Cochlea Results from Spatial Constraints
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Journal Article
Spiral Form of the Human Cochlea Results from Spatial Constraints
2017
Overview
The human inner ear has an intricate spiral shape often compared to shells of mollusks, particularly to the nautilus shell. It has inspired many functional hearing theories. The reasons for this complex geometry remain unresolved. We digitized 138 human cochleae at microscopic resolution and observed an astonishing interindividual variability in the shape. A 3D analytical cochlear model was developed that fits the analyzed data with high precision. The cochlear geometry neither matched a proposed function, namely sound focusing similar to a whispering gallery, nor did it have the form of a nautilus. Instead, the innate cochlear blueprint and its actual ontogenetic variants were determined by spatial constraints and resulted from an efficient packing of the cochlear duct within the petrous bone. The analytical model predicts well the individual 3D cochlear geometry from few clinical measures and represents a clinical tool for an individualized approach to neurosensory restoration with cochlear implants.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Animal Shells - anatomy & histology
/ Animal Shells - ultrastructure
/ Animals
/ Autopsy
/ Biological Variation, Individual
/ Cochlea
/ Cochlear Duct - anatomy & histology
/ Cochlear Duct - ultrastructure
/ Geometry
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Imaging, Three-Dimensional - instrumentation
/ Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
/ Mollusks
/ Nautilus - anatomy & histology
/ Ontogeny
/ Packing
/ Petrous Bone - anatomy & histology
/ Science
/ Shells
/ Spiral Ganglion - anatomy & histology
/ Spiral Ganglion - physiology
/ Spiral Ganglion - ultrastructure
/ Spiral Lamina - anatomy & histology
/ Spiral Lamina - ultrastructure
/ Spiral Ligament of Cochlea - anatomy & histology
