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ROS-induced R loops trigger a transcription-coupled but BRCA1/2-independent homologous recombination pathway through CSB
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ROS-induced R loops trigger a transcription-coupled but BRCA1/2-independent homologous recombination pathway through CSB
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Journal Article
ROS-induced R loops trigger a transcription-coupled but BRCA1/2-independent homologous recombination pathway through CSB
2018
Overview
Actively transcribed regions of the genome are protected by transcription-coupled DNA repair mechanisms, including transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR). Here we used reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce and characterize TC-HR at a transcribed locus in human cells. As canonical HR, TC-HR requires RAD51. However, the localization of RAD51 to damage sites during TC-HR does not require BRCA1 and BRCA2, but relies on RAD52 and Cockayne Syndrome Protein B (CSB). During TC-HR, RAD52 is recruited by CSB through an acidic domain. CSB in turn is recruited by R loops, which are strongly induced by ROS in transcribed regions. Notably, CSB displays a strong affinity for DNA:RNA hybrids in vitro, suggesting that it is a sensor of ROS-induced R loops. Thus, TC-HR is triggered by R loops, initiated by CSB, and carried out by the CSB-RAD52-RAD51 axis, establishing a BRCA1/2-independent alternative HR pathway protecting the transcribed genome.
Transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR) is activated by reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage to maintain transcribed genome stability. The authors demonstrate that R loops are induced by ROS at the transcribed genome, triggering a CSB-RAD52- dependent but BRCA1/2-independent RAD51 loading for repair.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13
/ 13/1
/ 13/51
/ 13/89
/ 147/135
/ 38/109
/ 38/15
/ 38/22
/ 38/23
/ 38/77
/ 42/35
/ 82/80
/ 82/83
/ DNA
/ DNA Repair Enzymes - genetics
/ DNA Repair Enzymes - metabolism
/ Genomes
/ Homology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Hybrids
/ Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins - genetics
/ Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins - metabolism
/ Proteins
/ Rad51 Recombinase - genetics
/ Rad51 Recombinase - metabolism
/ Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein - genetics
/ Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein - metabolism
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ RNA
/ Science
