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Outbreak-Causing Fungi: Pneumocystis jirovecii
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Journal Article
Outbreak-Causing Fungi: Pneumocystis jirovecii
2020
Overview
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients, with a higher mortality in non-HIV than in HIV patients.
P. jirovecii
is one of the rare transmissible pathogenic fungi and the only one that depends fully on the host to survive and proliferate. Transmissibility among humans is one of the main specificities of
P. jirovecii
. Hence, the description of multiple outbreaks raises questions regarding preventive care management of the disease, especially in the non-HIV population. Indeed, chemoprophylaxis is well codified in HIV patients but there is a trend for modifications of the recommendations in the non-HIV population. In this review, we aim to discuss the mode of transmission of
P. jirovecii
, identify published outbreaks of PCP and describe molecular tools available to study these outbreaks. Finally, we discuss public health and infection control implications of PCP outbreaks in hospital setting for in- and outpatients.
Publisher
Springer Netherlands,Springer,Springer Nature B.V,Springer Verlag
Subject
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cross Infection - drug therapy
/ Cross Infection - transmission
/ Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control
/ Fungi
/ HIV
/ HIV Infections - complications
/ Human immunodeficiency virus
/ Humans
/ Mycological Typing Techniques
/ Pneumocystis carinii - genetics
/ Pneumocystis carinii - isolation & purification
/ Pneumocystis carinii - pathogenicity
/ Pneumocystis carinii - physiology
/ Pneumonia, Pneumocystis - drug therapy
/ Pneumonia, Pneumocystis - transmission
/ Review
/ Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination - pharmacology
