Journal Article

CRISPRDetect: A flexible algorithm to define CRISPR arrays

Morales, Sergio E., Brown, Chris M., Fineran, Peter C., Biswas, Ambarish, Staals, Raymond H.J.

2016

Overview

Background CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) RNAs provide the specificity for noncoding RNA-guided adaptive immune defence systems in prokaryotes. CRISPR arrays consist of repeat sequences separated by specific spacer sequences. CRISPR arrays have previously been identified in a large proportion of prokaryotic genomes. However, currently available detection algorithms do not utilise recently discovered features regarding CRISPR loci. Results We have developed a new approach to automatically detect, predict and interactively refine CRISPR arrays. It is available as a web program and command line from bioanalysis.otago.ac.nz/CRISPRDetect. CRISPRDetect discovers putative arrays, extends the array by detecting additional variant repeats, corrects the direction of arrays, refines the repeat/spacer boundaries, and annotates different types of sequence variations (e.g. insertion/deletion) in near identical repeats. Due to these features, CRISPRDetect has significant advantages when compared to existing identification tools. As well as further support for small medium and large repeats, CRISPRDetect identified a class of arrays with ‘extra-large’ repeats in bacteria (repeats 44–50 nt). The CRISPRDetect output is integrated with other analysis tools. Notably, the predicted spacers can be directly utilised by CRISPRTarget to predict targets. Conclusion CRISPRDetect enables more accurate detection of arrays and spacers and its gff output is suitable for inclusion in genome annotation pipelines and visualisation. It has been used to analyse all complete bacterial and archaeal reference genomes.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd
• Subject: Algorithms / Animal Genetics and Genomics / Bacteria - genetics / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Computational biology / CRISPR-Cas Systems / Databases, Nucleic Acid / DNA, Intergenic / Genetic engineering / Genome / Genomics - methods / Innovations / Life Sciences / Microarrays / Microbial Genetics and Genomics / Mutagenesis, Insertional / Mutation / Observations / Plant Genetics and Genomics / Prokaryote microbial genomics / Prokaryotic Cells - metabolism / Proteomics / Quantitative trait loci / Sequence Deletion / Software / Tandem Repeat Sequences / Technology application / User-Computer Interface / Workflow