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The head inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal, BMP and Wnt signals
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Journal Article
The head inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal, BMP and Wnt signals
1999
Overview
Embryological and genetic evidence indicates that the vertebrate head is induced by a different set of signals from those that organize trunk–tail development
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
. The gene
cerberus
encodes a secreted protein that is expressed in anterior endoderm and has the unique property of inducing ectopic heads in the absence of trunk structures
1
. Here we show that the
cerberus
protein functions as a multivalent growth-factor antagonist in the extracellular space: it binds to Nodal, BMP and Wnt proteins via independent sites. The expression of
cerberus
during gastrulation is activated by earlier nodal-related signals in endoderm and by Spemann-organizer factors that repress signalling by BMP and Wnt. In order for the head territory to form, we propose that signals involved in trunk development, such as those involving BMP, Wnt and Nodal proteins, must be inhibited in rostral regions.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - genetics
/ Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids
/ Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Genes
/ Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
/ Head
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Insects
/ Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
/ Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
/ letter
/ Organogenesis. Physiological fonctions
/ Proteins
/ Proto-Oncogene Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Science
/ Transforming Growth Factor beta - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Xenopus
