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Journal Article
Transferrin receptors
2025
Overview
The transferrin receptor (TfR) is one of the key proteins involved in cellular iron uptake. TfR-mediated endocytosis of transferrin-bound iron is the major pathway for iron acquisition by most cells in the body. Over the past three decades, the studies on TfR have made significant progress, and also, our knowledge on cell iron uptake has greatly been improved. Here we focus on recent advances in the studies on TfR and a brief discussion of the structures and functions of four different types of TfR, namely TfR1 (transferrin receptor 1), TfR2 (transferrin receptor 2), TfR3 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and TfR4 (cubilin). These proteins work in different cells or organs and at different times, ensuring that cells and tissues get the iron they need. Their normal expression and function are fundamental to the body’s iron homeostasis.
Exploring the role of transferrin receptors in cellular iron homeostasis
Iron metabolism disorders affect many people worldwide, making it crucial to understand how the body manages iron. Here the authors review research on transferrin receptors (TfRs), which are proteins that help cells take in iron. The study focuses on four types of TfR: TfR1, TfR2, TfR3 and TfR4. TfR1 is the main receptor for iron uptake in most cells, especially red blood cells. It binds to transferrin and helps transport iron into cells. TfR2 is similar to TfR1 but plays a role in regulating hepcidin, a hormone that controls iron levels in the body. TfR3 and TfR4 are less understood but involved in rapid iron uptake during stress and in kidney function. The research highlights the importance of these receptors in maintaining iron balance. Future research could lead to new treatments for disorders caused by abnormal iron metabolism.
This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Springer Nature B.V,Nature Publishing Group,생화학분자생물학회
