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Sequence diversity of cytotoxic T cell antigens and satellite marker analysis of Theileria parva informs the immunization against East Coast fever in Rwanda
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Sequence diversity of cytotoxic T cell antigens and satellite marker analysis of Theileria parva informs the immunization against East Coast fever in Rwanda
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Journal Article
Sequence diversity of cytotoxic T cell antigens and satellite marker analysis of Theileria parva informs the immunization against East Coast fever in Rwanda
2020
Overview
Background
East Coast fever (ECF) caused by
Theileria parva
is endemic in Rwanda. In this study, the antigenic and genetic diversity of
T. parva
coupled with immunization and field challenge were undertaken to provide evidence for the introduction of ECF immunization in Rwanda.
Methods
Blood collected from cattle in the field was screened for
T. parva
using ELISA and PCR targeting the
p104
gene.
Tp1
and
Tp2
gene sequences were generated from field samples and from Gikongoro and Nyakizu isolates. Furthermore, multilocus genotype data was generated using 5 satellite markers and an immunization challenge trial under field conditions using Muguga cocktail vaccine undertaken.
Results
Out of 120 samples, 44 and 20 were positive on ELISA and PCR, respectively. Antigenic diversity of the
Tp1
and
Tp2
gene sequences revealed an abundance of Muguga, Kiambu and Serengeti epitopes in the samples. A further three clusters were observed on both
Tp1
and
Tp2
phylogenetic trees; two clusters comprising of field samples and vaccine isolates and the third cluster comprising exclusively of Rwanda samples. Both antigens exhibited purifying selection with no positive selection sites. In addition, satellite marker analysis revealed that field samples possessed both shared alleles with Muguga cocktail on all loci and also a higher proportion of unique alleles. The Muguga cocktail (Muguga, Kiambu and Serengeti) genotype compared to other vaccine isolates, was the most represented in the field samples. Further low genetic sub-structuring (F
ST
= 0.037) coupled with linkage disequilibrium between Muguga cocktail and the field samples was observed. Using the above data to guide a field immunization challenge trial comprising 41 immunized and 40 control animals resulted in 85% seroconversion in the immunized animals and an efficacy of vaccination of 81.7%, implying high protection against ECF.
Conclusions
Antigenic and genetic diversity analysis of
T. parva
facilitated the use of Muguga cocktail vaccine in field conditions. A protection level of 81.7% was achieved, demonstrating the importance of combining molecular tools with field trials to establish the suitability of implementation of immunization campaigns. Based on the information in this study, Muguga cocktail immunization in Rwanda has a potential to produce desirable results.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Animals
/ Antigens
/ Antigens, Protozoan - immunology
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cattle
/ Cattle Diseases - immunology
/ Cattle Diseases - parasitology
/ Cattle Diseases - prevention & control
/ Clusters
/ DNA
/ ECF
/ ELISA
/ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
/ Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary
/ Epitopes
/ Fever
/ genotype
/ Markers
/ PCR
/ Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
/ Protozoan Vaccines - immunology
/ Rwanda
/ T cells
/ Theileria parva - immunology
/ Theileriasis - prevention & control
/ Tp1
/ Vaccines
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
