Journal Article

Systematic investigation of genetic vulnerabilities across cancer cell lines reveals lineage-specific dependencies in ovarian cancer

Mermel, Craig H, Ren, Yin, Jiang, Guozhi, Lander, Eric S, Wong, Terence C, Bhatia, Sangeeta N, Gopal, Shuba, Boehm, Jesse S, Scott, Justine A, Tamayo, Pablo, Hahn, William C, East, Alexandra, Hsiao, Jessica, Drapkin, Ronny, Mesirov, Jill P, Luo, Biao, Barretina, Jordi, Gould, Joshua, Meyerson, Matthew, Ali, Levi D, Stransky, Nicolas, Tsherniak, Aviad, Root, David E, Cheung, Hiu Wing, Garraway, Levi A, Cowley, Glenn S, Lizotte, Patrick H, Weir, Barbara A, Rusin, Scott, Getz, Gad

2011

Overview

A comprehensive understanding of the molecular vulnerabilities of every type of cancer will provide a powerful roadmap to guide therapeutic approaches. Efforts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas Project will identify genes with aberrant copy number, sequence, or expression in various cancer types, providing a survey of the genes that may have a causal role in cancer. A complementary approach is to perform systematic loss-of-function studies to identify essential genes in particular cancer cell types. We have begun a systematic effort, termed Project Achilles, aimed at identifying genetic vulnerabilities across large numbers of cancer cell lines. Here, we report the assessment of the essentiality of 11,194 genes in 102 human cancer cell lines. We show that the integration of these functional data with information derived from surveying cancer genomes pinpoints known and previously undescribed lineage-specific dependencies across a wide spectrum of cancers. In particular, we found 54 genes that are specifically essential for the proliferation and viability of ovarian cancer cells and also amplified in primary tumors or differentially overexpressed in ovarian cancer cell lines. One such gene, PAX8, is focally amplified in 16% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers and expressed at higher levels in ovarian tumors. Suppression of PAX8 selectively induces apoptotic cell death of ovarian cancer cells. These results identify PAX8 as an ovarian lineage-specific dependency. More generally, these observations demonstrate that the integration of genome-scale functional and structural studies provides an efficient path to identify dependencies of specific cancer types on particular genes and pathways.

• Publisher: National Academy of Sciences,National Acad Sciences
• Subject: Alcohol Oxidoreductases / animal ovaries / Apoptosis / Base Sequence / Biological Sciences / Cancer / Cell death / Cell Line, Tumor / Cell lines / Cell Proliferation / Cell Survival - genetics / Cells / copy number / Data processing / Essential genes / Female / gene overexpression / Genetic mutation / Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Genetic screening / Genetics / Genome-Wide Association Study / Genomes / Humans / Integration / loss-of-function mutation / neoplasm cells / Nucleotide sequence / Oncogenes / Ovarian cancer / ovarian neoplasms / Ovarian Neoplasms - genetics / Ovarian Neoplasms - pathology / Paired Box Transcription Factors - genetics / Pax8 protein / PAX8 Transcription Factor / RNA, Neoplasm - genetics / RNA, Small Interfering - genetics / Structure-function relationships / surveys / Tumor cell line / Tumor cell lines / Tumors / viability