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Anticoccidial activity of a botanical natural product based on eucalyptus, apigenin and eugenol against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
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Anticoccidial activity of a botanical natural product based on eucalyptus, apigenin and eugenol against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
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Journal Article
Anticoccidial activity of a botanical natural product based on eucalyptus, apigenin and eugenol against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
2024
Overview
Background
Chicken coccidiosis is an intracellular parasitic disease that presents major challenges to the development of the commercial poultry industry. Perennial drug selective pressure has led to the multi-drug resistance of chicken coccidia, which makes the prevention and control of chicken coccidiosis extremely difficult. In recent years, natural plant products have attracted the attention of researchers due to their inherent advantages, such as the absence of veterinary drug residues. The development of these natural products provides a new direction for the prevention and treatment of chicken coccidiosis.
Methods
The anticoccidial effect of a natural plant product combination formulation (eucalyptus oil + apigenin + eugenol essential oil) was tested against
Eimeria tenella
in broilers. To search for the optimal concentration of the combination formulation, we screened 120 broilers in a chicken cage trial in which 100 broilers were infected with 5 × 10
4
sporulated
Eimeria tenella
oocysts; broilers receiving a decoquinate solution was set up as a chemical control. The optimal anticoccidial concentration was determined by calculating the anticoccidial index (ACI), and the suitable concentration was used as the recommended dose for a series of safety dose assessment tests, such as feed conversion ratio (FCR), hematological indices and serum biochemical indices, as well as liver and kidney sections, at onefold (low dose), threefold (medium dose) and sixfold (high dose) the recommended dose (RD).
Results
The results showed that this combination formulation of three plant natural products had a better anticoccidial effect than formulations containing two plant natural products or a single one, with an ACI of 169.3. The dose gradient anticoccidial test revealed that the high-dose formulation group had a better anticoccidial effect (ACI = 169.2) than the medium- and low-dose groups. The safety evaluation test showed that concentrations of the formulation at one-, three- and sixfold the RD were non-toxic to Arbor Acres broilers, indicating the high safety of the combination formulation.
Conclusions
The combination formulation showed not only a moderate anticoccidial effect but also had a high safety profile for broilers. The results of this study indicate a new alternative for the prevention and control of coccidiosis in broilers.
Graphical Abstract
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ apigenin
/ Biological Products - administration & dosage
/ Biological Products - pharmacology
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Botanical natural product formulation
/ Broilers
/ cages
/ chickens
/ Coccidiostats - administration & dosage
/ Coccidiostats - pharmacology
/ Coccidiostats - therapeutic use
/ Control
/ Eimeria tenella - drug effects
/ Eugenol
/ Eugenol - administration & dosage
/ Flavones
/ kidneys
/ liver
/ oils
/ Oils, Volatile - administration & dosage
/ Oils, Volatile - pharmacology
/ oocysts
/ Plant Extracts - administration & dosage
/ Plant Extracts - pharmacology
/ Poultry Diseases - drug therapy
/ Poultry Diseases - parasitology
/ Sporozoa
/ Testing
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
