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Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania infantum in humans, dogs and cats in the Pelagie archipelago, southern Italy
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Journal Article
Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania infantum in humans, dogs and cats in the Pelagie archipelago, southern Italy
2021
Overview
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by
Leishmania infantum
is endemic in the Mediterranean basin with most of the infected human patients remaining asymptomatic. Recently, the saurian-associated
Leishmania tarentolae
was detected in human blood donors and in sheltered dogs. The circulation of
L
.
infantum
and
L
.
tarentolae
was investigated in humans, dogs and cats living in the Pelagie islands (Sicily, Italy) by multiple serological and molecular testing. Human serum samples (n = 346) were tested to assess the exposure to
L
.
infantum
by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) and to
L
.
tarentolae
by IFAT. Meanwhile, sera from dogs (n = 149) and cats (n = 32) were tested for both
Leishmania
species by IFAT and all blood samples, including those of humans, by specific sets of real time-PCR for
L
.
infantum
and
L
.
tarentolae
. The agreement between serological tests performed for human samples, and between serological and molecular diagnostic techniques for both human and animal samples were also assessed.
Overall, 41 human samples (11.8%, 95% CI: 8.9–15.7) were positive to
L
.
infantum
(5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3–8.1),
L
.
tarentolae
(5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3–8.1) and to both species (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.6–3.3) by serology and/or molecular tests. A good agreement among the serological tests was determined. Both
Leishmania
spp. were serologically and/or molecularly detected in 39.6% dogs and 43.7% cats. In addition to
L
.
infantum
, also
L
.
tarentolae
circulates in human and animal populations, raising relevant public health implications. Further studies should investigate the potential beneficial effects of
L
.
tarentolae
in the protection against
L
.
infantum
infection.
Publisher
Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
/ Aged
/ Animals
/ Animals as carriers of disease
/ Antigens
/ Blood
/ Blotting, Western - veterinary
/ Carrier state (Communicable diseases)
/ Cats
/ Dogs
/ ELISA
/ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
/ Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary
/ Enzymes
/ Ethics
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Identification and classification
/ Leishmania infantum - genetics
/ Leishmaniasis, Visceral - diagnosis
/ Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology
/ Leishmaniasis, Visceral - parasitology
/ Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary
/ Male
/ Medicine and Health Sciences
/ PCR
/ Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
/ Research and Analysis Methods
/ Samples
/ Serology
/ Serum
/ Tests
