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Sphingolipid biosynthesis modulates plasmodesmal ultrastructure and phloem unloading
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Sphingolipid biosynthesis modulates plasmodesmal ultrastructure and phloem unloading
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Journal Article
Sphingolipid biosynthesis modulates plasmodesmal ultrastructure and phloem unloading
2019
Overview
During phloem unloading, multiple cell-to-cell transport events move organic substances to the root meristem. Although the primary unloading event from the sieve elements to the phloem pole pericycle has been characterized to some extent, little is known about post-sieve element unloading. Here, we report a novel gene,
PHLOEM UNLOADING MODULATOR
(
PLM
), in the absence of which plasmodesmata-mediated symplastic transport through the phloem pole pericycle–endodermis interface is specifically enhanced. Increased unloading is attributable to a defect in the formation of the endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane tethers during plasmodesmal morphogenesis, resulting in the majority of pores lacking a visible cytoplasmic sleeve.
PLM
encodes a putative enzyme required for the biosynthesis of sphingolipids with very-long-chain fatty acid. Taken together, our results indicate that post-sieve element unloading involves sphingolipid metabolism, which affects plasmodesmal ultrastructure. They also raise the question of how and why plasmodesmata with no cytoplasmic sleeve facilitate molecular trafficking.
Plasmodesmata channel substance transportation between neighbouring cells, including the sieve tube elements and the phloem companion cells. Now, the plasmodesmal ultrastructure is shown to be regulated by a newly identified phloem unloading modulator that participates in sphingolipid biosynthesis in
Arabidopsis
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 14/19
/ 14/34
/ 38/22
/ 38/23
/ 38/77
/ Arabidopsis - ultrastructure
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
/ Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
/ Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire
/ Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism
/ Membrane Proteins - genetics
/ Membrane Proteins - metabolism
/ Mutation
/ Phloem
/ Plasmodesmata - ultrastructure
/ Sleeves
/ Sphingolipids - biosynthesis
/ Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) - genetics
/ Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) - metabolism
