Journal Article

Characterization of dengue patients in Vietnam: Clinical, virological, and IL-10 profiles during 2021– 2022 outbreaks

Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P., Anh, Do Duc, My, Truong Nhat, Toan, Nguyen Linh, The, Nguyen Trong, Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas, Hafza, Nourhane, Song, Le Huu, Kremsner, Peter G., Linh, Le Thi Kieu, Vugrek, Lara, Loc, Do Huy

2025

Overview

The pathogenesis of dengue is attributed to a complex interaction between the dengue virus (DENV) and the host immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical, virological, and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) profiles of dengue patients in Vietnam from two consecutive outbreaks in 2021 and 2022. A total of n=306 dengue patients were examined, who were clinically stratified according to dengue without warning signs (DF; n=178), dengue with warning signs (DWS; n=115) and severe dengue (SD; n=13). Patients were screened for dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. DENV were subjected to serotype specific real-time RT-PCR. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were measured by ELISA, and IL-10 promoter variants (-1082G/A; -819C/T; -592C/A) were genotyped by direct Sanger sequencing to determine a possible association with susceptibility to dengue and disease severity. No chikungunya or Zika viruses were detected. Patients were infected by one of the three different DENV serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -4). Plasma IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in patients (DF vs. DWS, p=0.004; DF vs. SD, p=0.001; DWS vs. SD, p=0.015). While the IL-10 allele -819C contributed to an increased risk of dengue (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.0, p=0.04), genotype -1082GA showed a protective role against the disease (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.27-0.72, p=0.009), and allele -1082G showed a protective role against DWS (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22-0.81, p=0.049). Also, the IL-10 GTA (-1082G/-819T/-592A) haplotype was observed to confer protection (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14-0.67, p< 0.003). While DENV-1 and DENV-2 were the predominant serotypes in circulation, plasma IL-10 levels and IL-10 promoter variants were also significantly associated with dengue and its severity.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Alleles / Biology and life sciences / Blood & organ donations / Chikungunya virus / Child / Child, Preschool / Cytokines / Dengue / Dengue - epidemiology / Dengue - genetics / Dengue - immunology / Dengue - virology / Dengue fever / Dengue hemorrhagic fever / Dengue Virus - genetics / Dengue Virus - isolation & purification / Dengue viruses / Disease Outbreaks / Epidemics / Female / Genotype / Genotypes / Haplotypes / Health aspects / Health care / Hospitals / Human diseases / Humans / Immune response / Immune system / Interleukin 10 / Interleukin-10 - blood / Interleukin-10 - genetics / Interleukins / Laboratories / Male / Medical research / Medicine and Health Sciences / Medicine, Experimental / Middle Aged / Nucleotide sequence / Outbreaks / Pathogenesis / Patients / PCR / Physiological aspects / Plasma / Promoters / Real time / Serotypes / Social aspects / Software / Thermal cycling / Vector-borne diseases / Vietnam / Vietnam - epidemiology / Viral infections / Viruses / Young Adult / Zika virus