Journal Article

25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and chronic kidney disease in the AusDiab (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle) study

Gagnon, Claudia, Shaw, Jonathan E, Lu, Zhong X, Chadban, Steven J, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Ebeling, Peter R, Atkins, Robert C, Kerr, Peter G, Damasiewicz, Matthew J, Magliano, Dianna J, Daly, Robin M

2012

Overview

Background Low 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been associated with an increased risk of albuminuria, however an association with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not clear. We explored the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria and impaired GFR, in a national, population-based cohort of Australian adults (AusDiab Study). Methods 10,732 adults ≥25 years of age participating in the baseline survey of the AusDiab study (1999–2000) were included. The GFR was estimated using an enzymatic creatinine assay and the CKD-EPI equation, with CKD defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) of ≥2.5 mg/mmol for men and ≥3.5 for women. Serum 25(OH)D levels of <50 nmol/L were considered vitamin D deficient. The associations between 25(OH)D level, albuminuria and impaired eGFR were estimated using multivariate regression models. Results 30.7% of the study population had a 25(OH)D level <50 nmol/L (95% CI 25.6-35.8). 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly associated with an impaired eGFR in the univariate model (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.07-2.17), but not in the multivariate model (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.67-1.35). 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly associated with albuminuria in the univariate (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.58-2.67) and multivariate models (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.14-2.07). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is common in this population, and 25(OH)D levels of <50 nmol/L were independently associated with albuminuria, but not with impaired eGFR. These associations warrant further exploration in prospective and interventional studies.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adult / Aged / Albumin / Albuminuria / Albuminuria - blood / Albuminuria - epidemiology / Alfacalcidol / Analysis / and Vitamin D / Australia - epidemiology / Australians / Biomarkers - blood / Calcifediol / Chronic kidney disease / Chronic kidney failure / Cohort Studies / Cross-Sectional Studies / Development and progression / Diabetes / Diabetes Mellitus - blood / Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology / Enzymes / Female / Glomerular filtration rate / Humans / Internal Medicine / Kidney diseases / Life Style / Male / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Middle Aged / Mortality / Nephrology / Obesity / Obesity - blood / Obesity - epidemiology / Physiological aspects / Population Surveillance - methods / Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood / Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology / Research Article / Studies / Surveys / Vitamin D / Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives / Vitamin D - blood / Vitamin D Deficiency - blood / Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology