Journal Article

Diagnostic and prognostic roles of endothelial- and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases

Di Febo, Riccardo, Serafini, Francesco, Brocco, Davide, Lanuti, Paola, Crescitelli, Rossella, Pizzi, Andrea Delli, Tinari, Nicola, Renda, Giulia, Saeed, Zeeba, D’Ascanio, Francesca

2025

Overview

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures released by all cell types. They play a critical role in intercellular communication by transferring their cargo, comprising proteins, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, miRNAs, and DNA fragments, to recipient cells. This transfer influences gene expression, signaling pathways, and cellular behavior. Due to their ability to alter the physiology of recipient cells, EVs hold significant therapeutic potential. Additionally, EVs are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune regulation, cancer progression, and cardiovascular diseases. EVs have been detected in many biological fluids, such as peripheral blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and breast milk. The cargo of EVs dynamically reflects the physiological and pathological state of their parent cells, making them promising candidates for liquid biopsies in various clinical conditions. Specifically, different EV subtypes in cardiovascular diseases have been studied, with both endothelial and platelet-derived EVs playing significant roles in cardiovascular pathologies. This review focuses on the diagnostic and prognostic potential of endothelial and platelet-derived EVs in cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the role of EV subpopulations.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Analysis / Animals / Apoptosis / Biological markers / Biomarkers / Biomarkers - metabolism / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Biopsy / Biosynthesis / Blood Platelets - metabolism / Breast milk / Cancer / Cardiovascular / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular diseases / Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis / Cardiovascular Diseases - pathology / Care and treatment / Cell and Molecular Biology / Cell- och molekylärbiologi / Cerebrospinal fluid / Development and progression / Endocytosis / Endothelial Cells - metabolism / Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles / Endothelium / Enzymes / Epidermal growth factor / Extracellular vesicles / Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism / Gene expression / Health aspects / Humans / Immunoregulation / Kinases / Lipid metabolism / Lipids / Medicine/Public Health / Membranes / Metabolic and Lipoprotein Translation / Microscopy / Peripheral blood / Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles / Platelets / Prevention / Prognosis / Proteins / Review / Risk factors / Saliva / Type 2 diabetes