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A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks
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Journal Article
A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks
2020
Overview
Nitrous oxide (N
2
O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N
2
O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion
1
and climate change
2
, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N
2
O emissions, owing to their omission of natural sources and limitations in methodology for attributing anthropogenic sources. Here we present a global N
2
O inventory that incorporates both natural and anthropogenic sources and accounts for the interaction between nitrogen additions and the biochemical processes that control N
2
O emissions. We use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of flux measurements, process-based land and ocean modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversion) approaches to provide a comprehensive quantification of global N
2
O sources and sinks resulting from 21 natural and human sectors between 1980 and 2016. Global N
2
O emissions were 17.0 (minimum–maximum estimates: 12.2–23.5) teragrams of nitrogen per year (bottom-up) and 16.9 (15.9–17.7) teragrams of nitrogen per year (top-down) between 2007 and 2016. Global human-induced emissions, which are dominated by nitrogen additions to croplands, increased by 30% over the past four decades to 7.3 (4.2–11.4) teragrams of nitrogen per year. This increase was mainly responsible for the growth in the atmospheric burden. Our findings point to growing N
2
O emissions in emerging economies—particularly Brazil, China and India. Analysis of process-based model estimates reveals an emerging N
2
O–climate feedback resulting from interactions between nitrogen additions and climate change. The recent growth in N
2
O emissions exceeds some of the highest projected emission scenarios
3
,
4
, underscoring the urgency to mitigate N
2
O emissions.
Bottom-up and top-down approaches are used to quantify global nitrous oxide sources and sinks resulting from both natural and anthropogenic sources, revealing a 30% increase in global human-induced emissions between 1980 and 2016.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
