Journal Article

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic removal of organic micropollutants with spent mushroom substrate of Agaricus bisporus

van der Meer, Walter G.J., van Brenk, Brigit, Kleijburg, Fleur E.L., Wösten, Han A.B., Kemperman, Antoine J.B.

2024

Overview

Water bodies are increasingly contaminated with a diversity of organic micropollutants (OMPs). This impacts the quality of ecosystems due to their recalcitrant nature. In this study, we assessed the removal of OMPs by spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of the white button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) and by its aqueous tea extract. Removal of acesulfame K, antipyrine, bentazon, caffeine, carbamazepine, chloridazon, clofibric acid, and N, N -diethyl- meta -toluamide (DEET) by SMS and its tea was between 10 and 90% and 0–26%, respectively, in a 7-day period. Sorption to SMS particles was between 0 and 29%, which can thus not explain the removal difference between SMS and its tea, the latter lacking these particles. Carbamazepine was removed most efficiently by both SMS and its tea. Removal of OMPs (except caffeine) by SMS tea was not affected by heat treatment. By contrast, heat-treatment of SMS reduced OMP removal to < 10% except for carbamazepine with a removal of 90%. These results indicate that OMP removal by SMS and its tea is mediated by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. The presence of copper, manganese, and iron (0.03, 0.88, and 0.33 µg L -1 , respectively) as well as H 2 O 2 (1.5 µM) in SMS tea indicated that the Fenton reaction represents (part of) the non-enzymatic activity. Indeed, the in vitro reconstituted Fenton reaction removed OMPs > 50% better than the teas. From these data it is concluded that spent mushroom substrate of the white button mushroom, which is widely available as a waste-stream, can be used to purify water from OMPs. Key points • A. bisporus SMS effectively removes OMPs from water, outperforming its tea. • A. bisporus SMS utilizes enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities for OMP removal. • A. bisporus SMS is a promising bioremediation substrate for OMP removal.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: acesulfame potassium / Agaricus / Agaricus bisporus / Antipyrine / Bentazon / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Bioremediation / Biotechnology / Caffeine / Carbamazepine / Chloridazon / Clofibric acid / copper / DEET / Ecosystem / Environmental Biotechnology / Enzymatic activity / Heat treatment / Heat treatments / Hydrogen Peroxide / iron / Life Sciences / Manganese / Microbial Genetics and Genomics / Microbiology / Micropollutants / Mushrooms / pollutants / Purification / sorption / spent mushroom compost / Substrates / Tea / Water / Water purification