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Enabling “lithium-free” manufacturing of pure lithium metal solid-state batteries through in situ plating
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Enabling “lithium-free” manufacturing of pure lithium metal solid-state batteries through in situ plating
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Enabling “lithium-free” manufacturing of pure lithium metal solid-state batteries through in situ plating
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Journal Article
Enabling “lithium-free” manufacturing of pure lithium metal solid-state batteries through in situ plating
2020
Overview
The coupling of solid-state electrolytes with a Li-metal anode and state-of-the-art (SOA) cathode materials is a promising path to develop inherently safe batteries with high energy density (>1000 Wh L
−1
). However, integrating metallic Li with solid-electrolytes using scalable processes is not only challenging, but also adds extraneous volume since SOA cathodes are fully lithiated. Here we show the potential for “Li-free” battery manufacturing using the Li
7
La
3
Zr
2
O
12
(LLZO) electrolyte. We demonstrate that Li-metal anodes >20 μm can be electroplated onto a current collector in situ without LLZO degradation and we propose a model to relate electrochemical and nucleation behavior. A full cell consisting of in situ formed Li, LLZO, and NCA is demonstrated, which exhibits stable cycling over 50 cycles with high Coulombic efficiencies. These findings demonstrate the viability of “Li-free” configurations using LLZO which may guide the design and manufacturing of high energy density solid-state batteries.
While the impetus to develop lithium metal solid-state batteries is clear, identifying a practical manufacturing process is challenging. Herewith, authors study the underlying mechanisms controlling in-situ anode formation that could enable viable lithium-free manufacturing.
