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Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of day–night variation of d-alanine in mammals and factors controlling the circadian changes
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Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of day–night variation of d-alanine in mammals and factors controlling the circadian changes
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Journal Article
Two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of day–night variation of d-alanine in mammals and factors controlling the circadian changes
2013
Overview
d
-Alanine (
d
-Ala) is one of the naturally occurring
d
-amino acids in mammals, and its amount is known to have characteristic circadian changes. It is a candidate for a novel physiologically active substance and/or a biomarker, and the regulation mechanisms of the intrinsic amounts of
d
-Ala are expected to be clarified. In the present study, the effects of the possible factors controlling the
d
-Ala amounts, e.g., diet,
d
-amino acid oxidase (DAO) and intestinal bacteria, on the day–night changes in the intrinsic
d
-Ala amounts have been investigated using a highly sensitive and selective two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic system combining a reversed-phase column and an enantioselective column. The circadian rhythm was not changed under fasting conditions. In the mice lacking
d
-amino acid oxidase activity (ddY/DAO
-
mice), clear day–night changes were still observed, suggesting that the factors controlling the
d
-Ala rhythm were not their food and DAO activity. On the other hand, in the germ-free mice, quite low amounts of
d
-Ala were detected compared with those in the control mice, indicating that the main origin of
d
-Ala in the mice is intestinal bacteria. Because the
d
-Ala amounts in the digesta containing intestinal bacteria did not show the day–night changes, the controlling factor of the circadian changes of the
d
-Ala amount was suggested to be the intestinal absorption.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Alanine
/ Animals
/ Bacteria
/ Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
/ Chemistry and Materials Science
/ Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods
/ D-Amino-Acid Oxidase - metabolism
/ diet
/ digesta
/ fasting
/ Food
/ High performance liquid chromatography
/ Liquids
/ Male
/ Mammals
/ Methods
/ Mice
/ Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
/ Oxidase
