Journal Article

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers among children in Ukraine, 2017

Khetsuriani, Nino, O'Connor, Patrick, Slobodianyk, Liudmyla, Huseynov, Shahin, Chitadze, Nazibrola, Zaika, Olexandr, Allahverdiyeva, Vusala

2021

Overview

•Prevalence of hepatitis B infection markers among children in Ukraine was uncertain.•We found low prevalence of hepatitis B infection among children across survey sites.•Zakarpattya (0.7% HBsAg-positive) was the only site above the 0.5% WHO/EURO target.•Hepatitis B vaccination status across all survey sites was suboptimal.•Large numbers of children at risk of future hepatitis B infection unless vaccinated.•Coverage should be increased to further reduce hepatitis B transmission in Ukraine. Before hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) introduction, level of endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Ukraine was estimated as intermediate but the prevalence of HBV infection markers has not been measured in population-based serosurveys. Coverage with 3 doses of HepB, introduced in 2002, was 92%-98% during 2004–2007 but declined to 21%-48% during 2010–2016. To obtain data on HBV prevalence among children born after HepB introduction, we tested specimens from a serosurvey conducted in Ukraine in 2017, following circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in 2015, among birth cohorts eligible for polio immunization response. The serosurvey was conducted in Zakarpattya, Sumy, and Odessa provinces, and Kyiv City, targeting 2006–2015 birth cohorts. One-stage cluster sampling in the provinces and stratified simple random sampling in Kyiv were used for participant selection. All participants were tested for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Anti-HBc-positive children were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). We also obtained information on HepB vaccination status for all children. Of 4,596 children tested, 81 (1.8%) were anti-HBc-positive and eight (0.2%) were HBsAg-positive. HBsAg prevalence was 0.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.3%-1.4%) in Zakarpattya, 0.1% (0.0%-0.4%) in Sumy, 0% (0.0%-03%) in Odessa, and 0.1% (0.0%-0.8%) in Kyiv. Across survey sites, the proportion of recipients of ≥ 3 HepB doses was 53%-80% in the 2006–2009 cohort and 28%-59% in the 2010–2015 cohort. HBV prevalence among children in surveyed regions of Ukraine in 2017 was low, including in Zakarpattya—the only site above the 0.5% European Regional target for HBsAg seroprevalence. However, HepB vaccination was suboptimal, particularly among children born after 2009, resulting in large numbers of unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children at risk of future HBV infection. HepB coverage should be increased to further reduce HBV transmission among children in Ukraine and achieve regional and global hepatitis B control/elimination targets.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Age / Allergy and Immunology / Antibodies / Antigens / Architects / Birth / Child / Children / Chronic hepatitis B infection prevalence / confidence interval / Confidence intervals / Core protein / HBsAg prevalence / Hepatitis / Hepatitis B / Hepatitis B - epidemiology / Hepatitis B Antibodies / Hepatitis B surface antigen / Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Hepatitis B vaccination coverage / Hepatitis B Vaccines / Hepatitis B virus / Hepatitis B virus prevalence / Humans / Immunization / Immunoassay / indigenous species / Infections / Laboratories / Markers / Poliomyelitis / Population / Prevalence / Public health / Random sampling / risk / Sample size / Seroepidemiologic Studies / Serology / seroprevalence / Statistical sampling / surface antigens / surveys / Ukraine / Vaccination / Vaccines / WHO European Region