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Assessment of bacterial and fungal populations in urine from clinically healthy dogs using next-generation sequencing
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Assessment of bacterial and fungal populations in urine from clinically healthy dogs using next-generation sequencing
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Journal Article
Assessment of bacterial and fungal populations in urine from clinically healthy dogs using next-generation sequencing
2021
Overview
Abstract
Background
Urine from clinically healthy dogs is not sterile. Characterizing microbial diversity and abundance within this population of dogs is important to define normal reference ranges for healthy urine.
Objectives
To establish composition and relative representation of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in urine of clinically healthy dogs.
Animals
Fifty clinically healthy dogs.
Methods
Analytic study. Urine sampling via cystocentesis. Comprehensive evaluation of urine including standard urinalysis, culture and sensitivity, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics to define bacterial and fungal microbiome.
Results
Culture did not yield positive results in any samples. Next-generation sequencing of urine established low presence of bacteria, fungi, or both in all samples. Diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities varied between urine samples from different dogs. Struvite crystals were associated with bacterial community structure (P = .07) and there was a positive correlation between struvite crystals and pH.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The microbiome in urine of clinically healthy dogs has diverse bacterial and fungal species These findings highlight limitations of conventional culture testing and the need for culture-independent molecular diagnostics to detect microorganisms in urine.
Publisher
Oxford University Press,John Wiley & Sons, Inc
